mixture
combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
salt
ionic compound that forms when a metal atom replaces the hydrogen of an acid
electrolyte
substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts an electric current ex. salt
non-electrolyte
substance that doesn’t ionize when dissolved, are polar-covalent/covalent
neutralization
reaction of the ions that characterize acids and the ions that characterize bases to form water molecules and a salt
hydroxide ion
OH, in bases
hydronium/ hydrogen ion
H, in acids
indicator
compound that can reversibly change color depending on conditions such as pH
dissolve
to break down into a liquid
dissociate
cation and anion get surrounded by water and pulled apart, breaking atoms and ions into smaller forms
weak acid
are partially ionized in water
strong acid
fully ionize in water
dilute
small amount of solute, a lot of water
concentration
the amount of a solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solution
homogenous mixture
mixture that looks the same
heterogeneous mixture
mixture that looks different
solution
a homogeneous mixture throughout which two or more substances are uniformly dispersed
acid
react with water to make hydronium and an anion, HAS H IN EQUATIONS, reacts w metals to make salt and hydrogen, reacts with bases to make salt and water, sour taste, are electrolytes, litmus paper=red
base
dissociate in water to make hydroxide and a cation, HAS OH IN EQUATIONS, becomes less basic when mixed w acids–> makes salt and water, soapy, are electrolytes when dissolved in water, litmus paper= blue
pH
value that is used to express the acidity of a system, pH of 7= neutral, less than 7= acidic, more than 7= basic
polar
anything that dissolves in water, structure all looks the same
non-polar
anything that doesn’t dissolve in water, structure isn’t unifrom
solute
in a solution the substance that dissolves in the solvent
solvent
in a solution the substance in which the solute dissolves, present in the greatest amount in volume
concentrated
large amount of solute, little water
weak base
are partially dissociated in water
strong base
strong bases are fully dissociated in water