ATP Flashcards
What does ATP stand for ?
Adenosine triphosphate
How does sunlight link to ATP ??
Sunlight is captured by organic molecules via photosynthesis.
Organic molecules then oxidise the sunlight energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This oxidisation occurs during respiration.
1 glucose molecule contains many ATP.
Other than via the sunlight explanation , how is ATP synthesised ?
During photosynthesis
What is the equation for hydrolysis of ATP ?
ATP + H20 - ADP + Pi + Energy
Where Pi is an inorganic phosphate
What is hydrolysis.
Splitting up of a complex molecule using water.
Drawn an ATP molecule and label.
In notes
What are the properties of the bonds between the phosphates in an ATP molecule ?
They are weak and therefore have a low activation energy.
What components are within an ATP molecule.
Adenine , Ribose and 3 phosphates.
What enzymes is required to break ATP into ADP ?
ATP hydrolase
What enzyme is required to return ADP to ATP (
ATP synthase
What is ATP hydrolase used for ?
Required as an enzyme to break ATP into ADP.
What is ATP synthase required for ?
The return ADP back to ATP.
What type of reaction makes ADP return to ATP.
A condensation reaction ( because water is produced). And phosphorylation - because a phosphate group is added.
What is phosphorylation ?
Adding a phosphate group.
What are the 3 ways that Phosphoation can occur ?
Photophospholyation
Oxidative phosphorylation
Substrate level phosphorylation
What is photophospholyation ?
Synthesis of ATP in the chlorophyll during photosynthesis.
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
Occurs in the mitochondria in the electron transport chain as part of respiration.
What is the substrate level phosphorylation?
Phosphate groups are transferred from donor molecules to ADP.
What type of phosphorylation transfers phosphate groups from donor molecules to ADO ?
Substrate level
What are the advantages of ATP as an energy source ?
Immediate source of energy in cells.
Releases energy in small, manageable volumes.
Hydrolysis into ADP is only one stage which is quicker than the complete breakdown of glucose.
ATP can phosphorylate other molecules to make them more reactive.
It is soluble so can be transported easily.
Can be readily resynthesised .
What are the disadvantages of ATP as an energy source ?
It can’t be stored long term.
Requires constant re-synthesis
What are the main roles of ATP ?
Activation of molecules Active transport Metabolism Movement Secretion
How does ATP link to activation of molecules ?
Inorganic phosphate releases can be used to phosphorylate other compounds to make them more reactive.
How is ATP linked to active transport ?
Proved the energy needed to change the shape of carrier proteins in the cell membrane.
