Attachment - Lecture Two Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is the goal of attachment behavior?
To keep close to a preferred person in order to maintain a sense of security.
What are the basic assumptions of attachment?
Attachment is universal, varies across cultures, and develops with specific people in a preferred order.
What are the functions of attachment?
Provide a sense of security, regulate affect and arousal, enable expression of feelings, and serve as a base for exploration.
What are attachment bonds?
The emotional connection between people in intimate relationships.
What are attachment behaviors?
Behaviors designed to promote proximity to the caregiver.
What is the attachment behavioral system?
A system with the external goal of physical closeness to the caregiver; supports cognitive, social, emotional, and motor growth.
When is the attachment behavioral system fully functional?
By 7 to 9 months of age.
What is the exploratory system?
Linked to curiosity and mastery motivation; secure attachment motivates infants to explore.
What is the affiliative system?
Linked to sociability; children are motivated to engage with others.
What is the fear/wariness system?
Monitors response to fearful cues; has evolutionary function to protect from predators.
What is the Strange Situation Procedure?
Developed by Mary Ainsworth to generate an attachment response by creating a mildly stressful situation.
What behavior indicates secure attachment in the Strange Situation?
Confidence in relationship, positive greeting, calmed quickly, openly expressed feelings.
What are traits of securely attached adults?
Value attachment, see its influence on personality, balanced view of relationships, realistic about parents, open in discussing attachment.
What characterizes insecure avoidant attachment?
Independence, lack of distress, ignores mother, avoids contact, uses avoidance to prevent rejection.
What are the outcomes of insecure avoidant attachment?
Hostility, negative peer interactions, avoids help, seen negatively, more discipline.
What characterizes insecure ambivalent/resistant attachment?
Intense need for attachment, desperate for contact, resists comfort, cannot be soothed, linked to inconsistent caregiving.
What are outcomes of insecure ambivalent/resistant attachment?
Behavioral inhibition, social withdrawal, poor social skills, low assertiveness.
What characterizes insecure disorganized/disoriented attachment?
Contradictory behaviors, confusion, goes to strangers, fear of caregivers, linked to trauma or maltreatment.
What are outcomes of insecure disorganized attachment?
Low confidence, poor academics, dissociation, poor social skills, risk of psychopathology.
What are traits of insecure adults?
Less positive about attachment, deny its impact, dismiss its importance.
Who are unresolved adults?
Adults with trauma history who continue to self-blame.
What are the adult classifications of attachment?
Secure, Anxious (preoccupied), Avoidant (dismissive), Disorganized (fearful-avoidant).
How do cultural considerations impact attachment?
Parental sensitivity links to attachment across cultures, expression varies by caregiving practices and stress.