Attachment/Spirituality-Week 10

Question 1

Kohlberg: Theory of Moral Development - Pre-conventional morality

Answer 1

Preconventional Morality (before age 7-9)

1. obedience and punishment (avoid punishment)
2. self interest (gain reward)

Question 2

Kohlberg: Theory of Moral Development - Conventional Morality

Answer 2

Conventional Morality (early adolescence) - social rules are upheld for their own sake

3. interpersonal accord and conformity (good image to peers)
4. authority and social order maintaining (good image to authority figures)

Question 3

Kohlberg: Theory of Moral Development - Post-Conventional Morality

Answer 3

Post-Conventional Morality (affirm ppl’s agreed-upon rights)

5. social contract
6. universal ethical principles

Question 4

Carol Gilligan - Ethics of Care

Answer 4

• Women process morality different than man
  
  • Caring and maintaining welfare of others
  • Based on relationships
  1. Responsible to self
  2. Responsible for others
     
     3. Responsible to self and others

Question 5

Carol Gilligan - Ethics of Care

Justice & Care

Answer 5

Justice: treat others fairly - personal cost/sacrifice for doing the right thing for those close

care: help those in need; put interests of those close above interests of strangers - natural capacity to care for others and ourselves

Question 6

(Kolhberg - Moral Dev )

affirm people’s agreed upon rights

Answer 6

Post-conventional morality

Question 7

(Kolhberg - Moral Dev )

avoid punishment & gain reward

Answer 7

pre-conventional morality ( before age 7-9)

stage 1. obedience

stage 2. self interest

Question 8

(Kolhberg - Moral Dev )

early adolescence

Answer 8

Conventional morality: social rules upheld for own sake

3. interpersonal accord and conformity (good image to peers)
4. authority and social order maintaining (good image to authority figures)

Question 9

Moral Dev VS Faith Dev

Answer 9

Moral development:

A description of ones behavior towards others, based purely on one’s level of reasoning

Religious faith:

An inspired, impassioned, affirmative response to a divine directive on human relations

Question 10

James Fowler: Stages of Faith

Answer 10

theories applied to faith across to lifespan

Faith
○ neither religious “ generic feature of human struggle to find and maintain meaning which may or may not find religious expression”

○ relational

○ Involves sensitivity to stimuli of internal images and ability to respond to that stimuli

Stages: strengths and limitations RE: God
• Ultimate environment = God
One’s relational stance to the faith image
God

Question 11

(Fowler - stages of faith)

pre-stage: undifferentiated faith

Answer 11

undifferentiated faith (infancy)

• pre-images of the ultimate env (GOD) begin here
• (piaget object permamence) infant develops healthy centeredness to GOD if: mother is a faithful presence (mother returns, mirrors & soothes)

Question 12

(Fowler - stages of faith)

Stage 1: intuitive-projective faith

Answer 12

Stage 1: intuitive-projective faith (early childhood)

magical thinking; questions of what & why

Stories and parental responses: influential on lasting images of ultimate env.

• child imagination is honored
• stories of good/evil (communicates values/beliefs)
• may be found in older ppl who are regressing/psychotic

(similar to piaget - pre-operational stage)

Question 13

Mythic-literal faith

Answer 13

Mythic-literal faith (school yrs 6-10yrs)

piaget “concrete operations”

logical/authority/tradition

conform to beliefs of community

stuck in “works of righteousness”

no need for personal relationship

neglect/abandonement = sense of beign bad

reasoning: fantasy/reality = brings order to previous fantasies

transition to stage 3 = finding discrepancies

Question 14

Synthetic- conventional

Answer 14

Synthetic-Conventional (adolescence)

synthesize own story - no ability to critically analyze own story

alienation from others = alienation from God (relationships with others reflect personal relationship with God)

interpersonal betrayal = despair in own relationship with God

piaget “formal operations” - abstract thinking/reasoning

task: successful internalization of beliefs & practices of community

Question 15

Individuative-reflective

Answer 15

Individuative-reflective (young adulthood)

stories critically analyzed

paradoxes/life complexities recognized

polar issues are struggled with to resolve inner tension

may become too reliant upon own critical abilities & excessive confidence (knowing everything)

goal=create rationale,workable worldview

symbols analyzed

critical self-reflection on one’s own beliefs and how they were arrive

Question 16

conjunctive faith

Answer 16

conjunctive faith (mid-life)

polar issues no longer problems

personal faith is highly valued

committments must be lived out regardless of consequences

community = spritual fellowship with all humans

*only 1 our of every 6 over age 31

must ppl don’t reach this stage

Question 17

Universalizing Faith

Answer 17

most mid-life

awareness that ultimate env = all beings

sacrificial lives (ghandi, mother theresa)

ver rare

2-3ppl per 1,000

Question 18

Image of God (ultimate environment)

Answer 18

1. Consciously or unconsciously held
2. Has the dynamics of a relationship
3. Is the most important force in the person’s life (shapes perceptions/passions)
4. Changes throughout the lifespan as the result of faith development through stages

Question 19

What Fowler stage: found in older people who are regressing/psychotic

Answer 19

stage 1 - intuitive projective (early childhood)

Question 20

What Fowler stage: may become too reliant on critical abilities (knowing everything)

Answer 20

Stage 4 - individuative-reflective faith (young adulthood)

Question 21

What Fowler stage: conformity to beliefs/practices of community

Answer 21

stage 2 - mythic-literal faith

school years

Question 22

What Fowler stage: emphasis on living out faith/values/commitments

Answer 22

stage 5 Conjunctive faith (mid-life)

Question 23

What Fowler stage: relationships influence image of God

Answer 23

stage 3 - synthetic-conventional faith (adolescence)

Question 24

What Fowler stage: one’s ultimate environment includes all beings

Answer 24

stage 6- universalizing faith (post-mid life)

Question 25

What Fowler stage: pre-images of ultimate being begin here

Answer 25

pre stage undifferentiated faith (infancy)

Question 26

(God & Attachment - Kirkpatrick) Is God a mother or father figure?

Answer 26

God = combined elements of stereotypical maternal & paternal qualities (God is neither faith figure or mother figure = exalted attachment figure)

Question 27

(God & Attachment - Kirkpatrick) parallels btwn religious belief and attachment relationships

Answer 27

relationship with God central to belief of many ppl emotional bond is a form of love similar to infant-relationship beliefs about god reflect characteristics of secure attachment figures

Question 28

(God & Attachment - Kirkpatrick) Establishing/maintaining proximity to God

Answer 28

God is omnipresent: always in proximity church: go be closer to God prayer *most impotant proximity maintanence behavior: prayer = social referencing: checking back to make sure attachment figures is still attentive and availablbe

Question 29

(God & Attachment - Kirkpatrick) God as safe haven

Answer 29

bowlby - 3 systems that activate attachment system: frightening events, illness, or separation ppl most likely to turn to GOd in times of trouble praying = important coping mechanism

Question 30

(God & Attachment - Kirkpatrick) God as secure base

Answer 30

attachement figure who is omnipresent = provides most secure bases religiousness provides same as secure base: competence, control, hope confidence

Question 31

(God & Attachment - Kirkpatrick) avoidant attachment - views of God

Answer 31

agnosticism, atheism, God is remote & inaccesible "trust issues"

Question 32

(God & Attachment - Kirkpatrick) secure attachment - views of God

Answer 32

God is available and responsive (evangelical)

Question 33

(God & Attachment - Kirkpatrick) ambivalent attachment - views of God

Answer 33

deeply emotional, all consuming "clingy" relationship with God God=inconsistent. speaking in tongues

Question 34

(God & Attachment - Kirkpatrick) substitute attachment figure

Answer 34

Ppl turn to God as sub attachment figure severe crisis/stress loss/unavailibility of attachment figure insecure attachment history

Question 35

attachment to God may offer the kinds of psychological benefits associated with secure interpersonal attachmet

Answer 35

TRUE

Question 36

moral dev: what is right = what authority says is right

Answer 36

preconventional morality | stage 1 - obedience/punishment

Question 37

moral dev: "being a good person = helpful motives towards others"

Answer 37

conventional morality | stage 3-interpersonal accord

Question 38

moral dev: | emphasize basic rights and democratic processes that give everyone a say

Answer 38

post-conventional | stage 5-social contract

Question 39

moral dev | different sides to issues, one is free to pursue own interests

Answer 39

pre-conventional | stage 2-self interest

Question 40

moral dev | define principles by which agreements will be most just

Answer 40

post-conventional | stage 6 - universal ethical principles

Question 41

moral dev | obey to laws to maintain society as a whole

Answer 41

conventional morality | stage 4-authority and social order maintaining

Question 42

Fowler faith: piaget "object permanence" eriksons "trust vs mistrust"

Answer 42

pre-stage: undifferentiated faith (infancy)

Question 43

Fowler: Piaget "pre-operational" stage stories and parental responses create lasting image of GOD

Answer 43

Stage 1- intuitive projective faith (early childhood)

Question 44

Fowler: Piaget "formal operations" Erikson: "identity VS role confusion" internalization of beliefs/practices of community

Answer 44

stage 3-Synthetic-conventional faith (adolescence)

Question 45

Fowler: only 1 out of 6 emphasis on living out commitments personal faith-highly valued

Answer 45

stage 5-conjunctive faith (mid life)

Question 46

fowler: piaget - concrete operations conformity to beliefs/practice of community literal-fair reciprocity

Answer 46

Stage 2 - Mythic-literal faith (school years)

Question 47

fowler: critical self-reflection of one's own beliefs (knowing everything)

Answer 47

stage 4 - individuative-reflective faith (young adulthood)

Question 48

Preconventional Morality

Answer 48

children do not speak as members of society | no identification with the values of family/community

Question 49

"it's against the law" | "it's bad to steal"

Answer 49

Preconventional Morality 1. obedience and punishment orientation (child assumes powerful authorities hand down fixed set of rules that must be obeyed)

Question 50

"stealing drug was ok because the druggist was unwilling to make a fair deal, he was tryin to rip the guy off"

Answer 50

Preconventional Morality | 2. self-interest orientation

Question 51

Conventional Morality

Answer 51

assumes the attitude expressed would be shared by the entire community - "anyone" would be right to do that

Question 52

"he was only interest in himself, not another life" | "he was a good manfor wanting to save her"

Answer 52

Conventional Morality 3. interpersonal accord and conformity (good motives - good image to peers)

Question 53

"i understand his motives were good, but we cannot allow theft"

Answer 53

Conventional Morality 4. authority and social order maintaing (obey laws, respect authority, perform duties to maintain social order)

Question 54

affirm people's agreed upon rights

Answer 54

Post-conventional morality

Question 55

"what makes for a good society" | "he should save her life. even if he is breaking the law"

Answer 55

Post-conventional morality 5. social contract orientation (morality and rights that take priority over some laws)

Question 56

gilligan ethics of care

Answer 56

justice = interpersonal relationships and the ethics of compassion and care (VS: rights/rules)