Attention

Question 1

seperate attention networks for..

Answer 1

voluntary and involuntary attention

Question 2

voluntary

Answer 2

• top-down
• endogenous
• dorsal frontoparietal network

Question 3

welke gebieden bevat het voluntary network

Answer 3

superior parietal lobe (SPL), frontal eye fields (FEFs) and middle frontal gyrus (MFG)

Question 4

involuntary

Answer 4

-bottom up
- exogenous
- right lateralized ventral frontoparietal network
- detection of behaviourally relevant, unexpected or highly salient stimuli

Question 5

welke gebieden bevat involuntary

Answer 5

temporoparietal junction TPJ
inferior frontal gyrus IFG
middle frontal gyrus MFG

Question 6

default mode network is..

Answer 6

internal attention, this region is active when a person is not focussed on the outside world.

Question 7

welke gebieden bevat default mode

Answer 7

posterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, angular gyrus

Question 8

oog movement is

Answer 8

overt

Question 9

zonder oog is

Answer 9

covert

Question 10

default mode is anti-correlated with ….

Answer 10

top down

Question 11

disengage attention

Answer 11

problems when the cortical temporoparietal junction is damaged -> involuntary attention!

Question 12

move attention

Answer 12

problems when the superior colliculi are damaged

Question 13

engage attention

Answer 13

problems when the pulvinar of thalamus is damaged

Question 14

contralateral neglect

Answer 14

attentional problems in the other field in vision. ignore stimuli, ,slow response, ignore objects on contralateral side, muscle on controlateral side is worse sometimes. deficits in spatial attention in contralateral visual field. dit is bottom up attention. meestal na damage to the right lateralized bottom up network.

Question 15

you can make neglect patients see

Answer 15

if they use top-down attention, als je het aanwijst, they can see things. but spontaneously (bottom up) they do not see anything. this is the difference with blind subjects. dus neglect is niet sensory deficits, het is echt een attention problem!!!

Question 16

dus kort wat gebeurt er bij neglect

Answer 16

damage to bottom up netwerk dus disengaging attention becomes impossible. dit kan je meten met posner cueing task.

Question 17

neglect is often

Answer 17

temporary, but extinction remains. (niet nieuwe neurons ofzo, maar oefenen) dus bijvoorbeeld 2 vingers zien ze L niet, maar spoon and fork -> dan zien ze de vork wel

Question 18

balints syndrome

Answer 18

simultanagnosia: problem with attending to more than one object.
optic ataxia: problems with reaching and grasping (oog hand coordinatie)
oculomotor apraxia: problems making voluntary eye movements to objects

–> when the entire top-down attention network in the parietal lobe is damaged.

Question 19

biased competition

Answer 19

competition in receptive fields. if both stimuli fall with the RF of the neuron -> competition.
with both stimuli, activity is the average response to effective and ineffective stimuli (medium activation). het gaat hier dus om 1 neuron

Question 20

shift from frontal to parietal from

Answer 20

controlling attention to responsing to target

Question 21

top panel

Answer 21

use cue to shift attention

Question 22

voluntary / intentional shifts of attention activate the …

Answer 22

SPL and FEF (oa prefrontal cortex)

Question 23

top-down activity shifts from … to …

Answer 23

front (cue) to back (target)

Question 24

activity shifts from the front to the back in …. attention

Answer 24

top-down!! dit weten

Question 25

pop-out search uitleg + welke vorm van attention

Answer 25

The target has a unique color, shape, or orientation with respect to the distracters bottom up, stimulus driven (search is easy and automatic, parallel)

Question 26

conjunction search uitleg + welke vorm van attention

Answer 26

the target differs from the distractors on multiple features that need to be combined to find the target top down, voluntary (you have to combined 2 features, which needs voluntary attention because it is more difficult)

Question 27

involuntary attention welke regions eerst

Answer 27

parietal regions (LIP) activate first, followed by frontal regions LPFC)

Question 28

voluntary attention welke regions eerst

Answer 28

frontal regions activate first (LPFC/FEF), followed by parietal regions (LIP)

Question 29

invalid cues during the exogenous variant posner task activates...

Answer 29

activity in the right temporoparietal junction

Question 30

wanneer hebben pop out and conjunction dezelfde reactietijd

Answer 30

als er maar 2 items zijn

Question 31

pop-out search reaction time

Answer 31

altijd dezelfde reaction time, maakt niet uit hoeveel number of items in display. -> automatic, parallel

Question 32

conjunction search reaction time

Answer 32

increasing slope: the more items on display, the longer the reaction time is. als de target er niet is duurt het nog langer. -> voluntary, serial

Question 33

treisman

Answer 33

feature integration theory

Question 34

feature integration theory

Answer 34

features are processed in different brain regions (in parallel). therefore differences in one feature are detected automatically. when features need to be combined to find the target: the brain areas need to communicate with each other. in need of voluntary attention! -> serial bottle neck -> when objects differ from more than one feature, visual search takes a long time.

Question 35

corbetta and shulman theory

Answer 35

* Top-down, voluntary system (SPL, FEF): Preparing and applying goaldirected selection * Bottom-up, involuntary system (right TPJ and IFG): Detection of behaviorally relevant, unexpected, or highly salient stimuli The bottom-up system is a circuit breaker: “Stop what you’re doing now, direct attention to the environment NOW!”

Question 36

there is a causal effect of control areas on sensory areas

Answer 36

dus van front to back of the brain

Question 37

FEF

Answer 37

frontal eye field: visual attention and eye movement

Question 38

there is a causal effect of control areas on covert attention

Answer 38

frontoparietal network modulates attention and therefore perceptual performance.

Question 39

top-down activity shifts from ... to ...

Answer 39

front (cue) to back (target)

Question 40

top-down activity shifts from ... to ...

Answer 40

front (cue) to back (target)

Question 41

dus samenvatting voluntary

Answer 41

Voluntary (top-down, endogenous) attention: * Dorsal frontoparietal network * Most important regions: superior parietal lobe (SPL), frontal eye fields (FEFs), middle frontal gyrus (MFG)

Question 42

dus samenvatting involuntary

Answer 42

Involuntary (bottom-up, exogenous) attention: * Right-lateralized ventral frontoparietal network * Most important regions: temporoparietal junction (TPJ), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), middle frontal gyrus (MFG)

Question 43

hoe gaat voluntary attention door het brein

Answer 43

Frontal first, then parietal, then sensory.

Question 44

hoe gaat involuntary attention door het brein

Answer 44

Sensory first, then parietal (right TPJ), then frontal. This system can shut down the voluntary attention system.

Question 45

dus 2 patronen door het brein

Answer 45

voluntary: front -> back involuntary: sensory -> parietal -> frontal (back -> front)