Attitudes Flashcards
(33 cards)
Definition of attitudes
unstable beliefs/feelings/actions towards an attitude object
OR
a predisposition towards an attitude object
What are the 3 components of the Triadic Model?
Cognitive, Affective, Behavioural
What is an example of the cognitive element of the Triadic Model (positive and negative)?
-you believe training/exercise will keep you fit and enhance body image
OR
-running causes injury
What is an example of the affective element of the Triadic Model (positive and negative)?
-you enjoy training/exercise and have fun doing it
-you don’t enjoy running
What is an example of the behavioural element of the Triadic Model (positive and negative)?
-you train 3 times a week
-you don’t go running
What is consonance in relation to the Triadic Model?
when all the elements align/ are consistent, attitude is stable
What is dissonance in relation to the Triadic Model?
-There is an imbalance in the triadic model, all elements do not align, causing discomfort, inconsistent attitudes
-Individual holds 2 or more opposing attitudes
Definition of prejudice
a preconceived opinion based on a faulty and inflexible generalisation
What is an example of how prejudice can affect behaviour in sport?
Someone not selected for a team due to there ethnic background
What are the two ways that attitudes can be changed?
-persuasive communication
-cognitive dissonance
What are the elements of persuasive communication?
-the persuader
-the message
-the recipients
-the situation
What is the persuader element of persuasive communication with a sporting example ?
a significant other, high status, more people persuading, trustworthy
eg. netball captain, well known football
What is the message element of persuasive communication with a sporting example?
accurate, clear, presented well, good quality, believable and make sense
eg. swimming will help you lose weight
What is the recipients element of persuasive communication with a sporting example?
recipient must be open to persuasion, willing to change, must pay attention, understand, and accept
What is the situation element of persuasive communication?
recipient should feel comfortable in the location, timing of persuasion needs to be right
What is an example of the persuader element of persuasive communication?
a well respected, knowledgeable football coach
What is an example of the message element of persuasive communication?
a coach tells player he has not been attending training so he is not playing in the match. He says if he attends all sessions for the next week he will need to put in the starting 11
What is an example of the recipient element of persuasive communication?
player listens and wants to make a change
What is an example of three situation element of persuasive communication?
coach speaks to player on own and not in front of other teammates
How does cognitive dissonance lead to changing attitudes?
-the stronger the dissonance the more likely the change
-the more uncomfortable the individual is the greater the desire to change
-introduction of new information, challenges current beliefs to support change and consonance, change
-
eg. belief exercise is good, however does not enjoy the gym and therefore does not make use of the membership. Personal trainer advises member access different classes such as yoga and body pump subsequently they attend the gym 3X a week and enjoys the variety
What are the problems associated with cognitive dissonance theory?
-cannot be measured
-it is difficult to identify states of dissonance
-what creates or is dissonance is not the same for all people
-individuals differ on strategies used to reduce dissonance
-people who experience high levels of anxiety tend to experience greater feelings of dissonance
What are the factors affecting attitude formation?
Socialisation - friends play sport may influence you to play
Past Experiences - negative experience in PE lesson may discourage from playing sport
Religious Beliefs - against muslim tradition for women to show skin in public places
Media - newspaper articles on benefits of exercise could lead to a positive attitude
Significant Others - parents that take part in physical activity could encourage children to do so
What are the reasons for someone having a positive attitude towards PE and sport?
-motivation
-significant others (parent role models who do sport)
-television/ media shows positive role models
-people with varied religious beliefs represented at big events and competitions (eg. olympics)
-believe in value of exercise
-have fun, enjoy activities/ competition
-good at the sport
-experience excitement due to challenge
-experience relaxation/ catharsis escape
-seen as social norm
What are the reasons for someone having a negative attitude towards PE and sport?
-past negative experiences
-media presenting the sport as bad (eg. abuse in gymnastics)
-parents have negative attitude towards sport
-see it as harmful, better to do other activities
-frightened
-experience stress and anxiety
-seen as social norm to not participate in
