Attitudes to empire Flashcards
(124 cards)
How did Chamberlin propose Imperial preference through tariff reform would work (3 things)
- No taxes on raw materials to avoid burdening British manufacturers.
- A small tax on non-colonial food imports, such as two shillings per quarter on foreign corn (excluding maize) and a 5% duty on meat and dairy products (excluding bacon).
- A 10% general tariff on imported manufactured goods to protect domestic industries.
Who was David Livingstone, and what were his contributions to British exploration?
A Scottish explorer and missionary who, in 1858, led a British government-funded expedition along the Zambezi River, sending 2,000 letters home and aiming to find natural resources. In 1866, he sought the Nile’s source and died in 1873 in present-day Zambia.
What was John Kirk’s role in British imperial efforts?
A Scottish physician and botanist who accompanied Livingstone (1858–1864) and became acting British Consul in Zanzibar in 1870, successfully pressuring Sultan Barghash to abolish the slave trade.
What were Richard Francis Burton’s contributions to British exploration and scholarship?
A linguist and scholar who served in the East India Company’s army, wrote 43 books including translations of ‘Kama Sutra’ (1883) and ‘Arabian Nights’ (1885), and co-founded the Anthropological Society promoting ‘scientific racism’.
Who was John Hanning Speke, and what did he discover?
An explorer who, in 1858, identified Lake Victoria as the source of the Nile, a claim later confirmed by Henry Morton Stanley.
What was the role of missionaries in the British Empire?
They aimed to spread Christianity, often paving the way for British rule, with denominations like Anglicans, Roman Catholics, Presbyterians, and Methodists active in Africa and Asia.
What is ‘Muscular Christianity,’ and how did it influence British imperialism?
A movement emphasizing Christian values, masculinity, and athleticism, prevalent in British public schools, influencing many government and military officials.
Who was John MacKenzie, and what was his impact on British colonial policy?
A Methodist missionary who, in 1885, pressured the British government to establish a protectorate over Bechuanaland (now Botswana).
What roles did female missionaries play in the British Empire?
They often challenged Victorian gender roles; notable figures include Mary Carpenter in India and Mary Slessor in Nigeria.
Who was Cecil Rhodes, and what were his contributions to British imperialism?
A monopolizing imperialist who owned all diamond mines in South Africa, founded the British South Africa Company in 1889, and established the colony of Rhodesia.
What were William Mackinnon’s achievements in British trade and colonization?
Founded the Calcutta and Burma Steam Navigation Company in 1856, the British East Africa Company, and the Free Church of Scotland East African Scottish Mission in Kenya (1891).
Who was George Goldie, and what was his role in British Nigeria?
Traded palm oil in the Niger, formed the United African Company in 1879, which became the Royal Niger Company, leading to British control over Northern and Southern Nigeria in 1900.
What was Evelyn Baring’s role in British colonial administration?
Served as a private secretary to the Viceroy in India and later as a colonial administrator in Egypt, known for his belief in British superiority.
What was the British government’s stance on imperialism before the 1870s?
Generally passive, influenced by limited communication technology, reliance on private companies, and adherence to free-market ideologies.
What was Benjamin Disraeli’s view on the British colonies in 1852?
He believed that the colonies would soon become independent and were a burden, referring to them as a ‘mill-stone around our necks.’
How did William Gladstone’s policies reflect his attitude towards imperialism?
He promised to abstain from territorial acquisition and appointed Lord Ripon as Viceroy of India, who gave more power to local governments and reduced censorship.
What shift occurred in British government attitudes towards imperialism after the 1870s?
The government adopted more imperialist policies due to competition with Germany and France, economic depression, and the need for new markets.
Front
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When was Joseph Chamberlain Colonial Secretary?
1895-1903
What was Joseph Chamberlain’s key policy focus?
Expansion of British empire and imperial unity.
What was the purpose of Chamberlain’s Imperial Tariff proposals?
To create a system of preferential trade within the empire.
When was Cecil Rhodes Prime Minister of Cape Colony?
1890-1896
What company did Cecil Rhodes found?
The British South Africa Company
When did Rhodes’ British South Africa Company receive its royal charter?
1889
