Attraction and Relationships Flashcards
(33 cards)
What are the four basic relational models?
Communal sharing
Authority ranking
Market pricing
Equality matching
communal sharing relationships
everyone is treated equally
members share a common identity, motivates protection of ingroups
authority ranking relationships
Everyone is not treated equally
Higher rank motivates respect, lower rank motivates care and protection.
equality matching relationships
Motivates equal treatment and opportunities.
Based on balance and reciprocation
market pricing
rewards are proportional to contributions
based on proportionality and rations, often involves money
benefits are exchanged on a single dimension and occur at once.
Which relational model is more common in individualistic cultures?
Market pricing.
Which relational model is emphasized more in traditional subsistence societies?
equality matching
what is relational mobility?
freedom people have to choose relationships and change between them over time
high relational mobility
flexible friendships and many new friendship opportunities
low relational mobility
cautious with friends and few opportunities to form new friendships
What is the halo effect in the context of physical attractiveness?
the association of physical attractiveness with other positive traits
examples of the halo effect
Attractive election candidates in Canada receive three times as many votes as unattractive ones.
Attractive defendants receive lighter sentences for misdemeanors compared to unattractive ones.
How does relational mobility affect the “tyranny of the beautiful”?
High relational mobility: Physical attractiveness correlates with greater satisfaction in life and friendships (e.g., in the U.S.). - less enemies
Low relational mobility: Physical attractiveness may correlate with less satisfaction in life and friendships (e.g., in Ghana). - more enemies
Where do enemies typically come from in Ghanaian and American contexts?
(ingroup or outgroup)
Ghanaians: Enemies often come from ingroups
Americans: Enemies are more likely to come from outgroups
Why are enemies more likely to emerge from ingroups in low relational mobility contexts?
People have less choice in selecting ingroup members, making it harder to avoid potential enemies.
universally appealing physical characteristics
- Clear complexion
- Bilateral symmetry
- Average features
why is clear complexion considered universally attractive
signals good health and absence of disease
why is bilateral symmetry considered attractive?
symmetry indicated ideal development conditions
why are average facial features considered attractive?
They indicate fewer genetic abnormalities and align with familiar patterns
How does the perception of ideal body weight vary across cultures?
(western vs non-western cultures)
Western cultures idealize thin female bodies.
Many non-Western cultures and earlier Western cultures idealize heavier bodies.
What waist-to-hip ratio is considered attractive in females, and why?
A low waist-to-hip ratio is considered attractive because it cues fertility.
What waist-to-chest ratio is considered attractive in males, and why?
A low waist-to-chest ratio is attractive because it cues fitness, strength, protection ability, and physical dominance.
How do preferences for body types vary between urban and rural settings?
Urban settings: Preference for low waist-to-chest ratio and low BMI.
Rural settings: Preference for higher waist-to-chest ratio and higher BMI.
What is the propinquity effect?
People are more likely to become friends with those they see frequently.
