Health

Question 1

how are psychological disorders defined?

Answer 1

behaviours that are rare and impair the individual

Question 2

what is a culture bound syndrome

Answer 2

a group os psychological symptoms heavily influenced by cultural factors

Experiencing a culture-bound syndrome generally requires one to have cultural beliefs associated with the syndrome

Question 3

dhat syndrome

Answer 3

a young man’s anxiety that they are leaking semen

Being susceptible to dhat requires relevant beliefs that relate semen, sexual activity, morality, and health

Question 4

hikikomori in japan (1% of japanese)

Answer 4

voluntary social withdrawal for at least 6 months, except with family.

not classified as dsm-5 but strongly linked to social pressures

Question 5

bulimia nervosa (eating disorder)

Answer 5

uncontrollable binge eating, along with inapproprite beh to prevent weight gain

Question 6

anorexia nervosa (eating disorder)

Answer 6

refusal to maintain normal body weight

Question 7

evidence of cultural bound status for eating disorders

Answer 7

huge inc. in rates of anorexia this century in some cultures

Question 8

evidence of eating disorders universally

Answer 8

reports of self-starvation in numerous cultural contexts but not due to body image

Question 9

universal conditions

Answer 9

highlight the biological foundation of mental illness

Question 10

how is Major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosed?

Answer 10

diagnosed for people exhibiting at least 5 of the following 9 symptoms

Depressed mood.
Inability to feel pleasure.
Change in weight or appetite.
Sleep problems.
Psychomotor changes.
Fatigue or loss of energy.
Feelings of worthlessness or guilt.
Poor concentration.
Suicidality.

Question 11

what characterizes bipolar disorder

Answer 11

alternating depressive and manic episodes

Question 12

How does the prevalence of bipolar disorder vary globally?

Answer 12

Highest: English-speaking countries

Lowest: South and East Asia.

Less variability in prevalence than depression.

Question 13

what is somatization?

Answer 13

experiencing symptoms primarily physically

Question 14

what is psychologization?

Answer 14

experiencing symptoms primarily psychologically

Question 15

What is neurasthenia?

Answer 15

Syndrome in China with over 50 symptoms

Dropped from the DSM as symptoms were seen as less important than underlying illness.

Often overlaps with depression, though only 9% report depressed mood as a key symptom.

Question 16

Why might cultures differ in somatization vs. psychologization?

Answer 16

stigma around mental health

more focus on physical vs psychological symptoms

Question 17

how is schizophrenia diagnosed

Answer 17

individual has two or more of the following symptoms:

Delusions.
Hallucinations.
Disorganized speech.
Catatonic/disorganized behavior.
Negative symptoms

Question 18

what factors contribute to schizophrenia?

Answer 18

genetics, prenatal experiences, neuroanatomical features

Question 18

paranoid schizophrenia

Answer 18

characterized by delusional visions

common in the west, rare in india

Question 19

what are the subtypes of schizophrenia?

Answer 19

paranoid and catatonic schizophrenia

Question 20

catatonic schizophrenia

Answer 20

characterized by motor inactivity and insensitivity to stimuli

rare in the west, common in india

Question 21

why might recovery rates for schizophrenia be higher in less-developed societies?

Answer 21

Greater acceptance due to lower sense of personal control

Hallucinations seen as less abnormal

Stronger sense of community

Question 21

PTSD is not in these flashcards! review it in the slides

Answer 21

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Qn8I3mgjV-_6sPRmY39GhMdEQ4tSsykZDQS30Kb-xiQ/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.bnv8r0nwicjf

Question 22

social anxiety disorder

Answer 22

fear of acting in an unacceptable manner and that such beh will lead to disastrous social consequences

Question 23

What is Taijin Kyoufushou (TKS)?

Answer 23

culture-bound syndrome: fear of confronting and offending others. triggered by social situations

Question 24

what is Agonias

Answer 24

Anxiety disorder with symptoms like a burning sensation, loss of breath, and sleep problems (Portugal and the Azores)

Question 24

what is Kufungisisa

Answer 24

Anxiety and somatic problems associated with mental exhaustion (Africa, Caribbean, East Asia, Native Americans)

Question 25

what is Ataques de nervios

Answer 25

Symptoms include convulsions, partial loss of consciousness, heart palpitations, and sudden outbursts; culture-bound syndrome among Latino communities

Question 26

What factors increase suicide risk among First Nations youth in Canada?

Answer 26

-Low connection to traditional or mainstream cultures. -Strong traditional cultural ties predict lower suicide rates.

Question 26

what is Koro

Answer 26

head of a turtle - Morbid anxiety that the penis is shrinking into the body; primarily found in South and East Asia

Question 27

How do suicide rates vary globally?

Answer 27

Lower in poorer, more religious countries. Higher in less religious or individualistic societies.

Question 28

What does Freud’s psychoanalysis focus on? (western psychotherapy)

Answer 28

unconscious conflicts and fears

Question 29

what is the goal of CBT?

Answer 29

Restructuring unhealthy thoughts and alleviating negative reactions through controlled exposure.

Question 30

what is used in non-westen therapy?

Answer 30

family, spirituality, and religion

Question 31

what is morita therapy (in Japan)?

Answer 31

therapy focused on accepting circumstances through bed res, manual activities, reading, and counselling

Question 32

what is naikan therapy (in Japan)?

Answer 32

therapy aired to gain insight into the past by reflecting on the kindness received from others and how little has been reciprocated

Question 33

what is the cultural consultation service?

Answer 33

an interdisciplinary approach where diverse mental health professionals collaborate

Question 34

cons of cultural consultation service?

Answer 34

challenging and costly

Question 35

How does stress mediate the relationship between SES and health outcomes?

Answer 35

leads to health-compromising beh like smoking and drinking weakens the immune system, reducing its ability to fight infections

Question 36

what could reduce illness vulnerability in lower SES individuals?

Answer 36

providing them with greater control over their lives

Question 37

what is objective SES?

Answer 37

actual levels of wealth

Question 38

what is subjective SES?

Answer 38

how wealthy or poor people feel compared to others