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Pharmacology II > Attraction, Sex and Love > Flashcards

Attraction, Sex and Love Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

4 mediators of attraction, sex and love

A
  1. Neurochemistry and physiology
  2. Drugs mimicking/replacing love NTs
  3. Aphrodisiacs/love potions/drugs to improve sex life
  4. Drug-facilitated sexual assault and other illegal drugs
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2
Q

3 evolutionary mating systems?

A

Lust : general sexual desire
Attraction : Focus on particular mate
Attachment : Instinct toward caretaking

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3
Q

Hormones of lust? (2)

A

Tertosterone

Estradiol

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4
Q

What are the “sexual effects” of ovulation? (3)

A

Voice is more attractive to others
The woman is more likely to wear revealing clothes, more likely to attend social gatherings
Overvalue physical attractiveness (short-term partners)

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5
Q

What hormone makes a woman more likely to cheat on their partner?

A

High levels of estradiol

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6
Q

A lack of testosterone increases what in men? (4)

What seems to help with that but causes adverse effects?

A

Aggressive behaviors
Risk taking
Energy levels
Libido

Estrogen treatments

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7
Q

Sex hormones and their effects on straight and gay traits?

A

Having older brothers : 33% higher chance of being gay, maybe due to hormones influencing mother’s immune system

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8
Q

Two factors that affect the neurobiology of attraction?

A

Sight : seeing beautiful person induces u-opioid receptors, our reward system
Olfaction : animals use sense of smell to interact, suggestions that humans do too

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9
Q

Part of a goat’s body that processes pheromones? Do humans have this? what is suggested?

A

Vomeronasal organ

No, but men and women have differences in glands, secretions, microbial flora

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10
Q

Steroid compound in men’s sweat that could be involved in pheromone processing and arousal? This seems to affect what? (4)

A

Progesterone derivative androstadienone

  1. Endocrine levels
  2. Physiological arousal
  3. Context-dependent mood
  4. Effects depending on sexual orientation
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11
Q

Mood can be communicated via what?

A

Chemicals found in sweat

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12
Q

Pheromones and mood:

There is a direct correlation between what? This affects mood by modulating affinity of ______

A

Axillary compounds and serotonin

Modulates affinity of the serotonin transporter

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13
Q

Pheromones and mate compatibility : which antigen correlates partnership, sexuality and desire to procreate?

A

HLA : human leukocyte antigen

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14
Q

HLA encodes for what gene and what type of protein?

A

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC).

Encodes cell-surface antigen-presenting proteins

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15
Q

The limbic system includes what? (3)

Functions? (5)

A

Olfactory bulbs, hippocampus, amygdala

Emotion, behavior, motivation, long-term memory, olfaction

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16
Q

Initial giddiness, fast HR, etc… are due to what love chemicals? (3)

A

Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Phenylethylamine

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17
Q

Attraction activates stress response, increases what two chemicals in the blood? What are three effects?
They produce what physiological effects?

A 
Adrenaline
Cortisol
1. Sweat
2. Heart races
3. Mouth goes dry
-Elation, energy, sleeplessness, craving, loss of appetite, focused attention
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18
Q

Phenylethylamine is a NT associated with what? Its release increases _____ and ______

A

Passion/attraction

Increases dopamine and norepinephrine

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19
Q

PEA controls the transition from _____ to _____

It is chemically similar to?

A

Lust to love

Amphetamines

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20
Q

PEA gets produced when….? (2)

A
  1. Meet someone attractive

2. Eat food with PEA

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21
Q

Dopamine is linked to…? (3)

It is similar to.. ?

A

Pleasure, reward, addiction

Amphetamines

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22
Q

What is the cuddling and bonding chemical? It has roles in which behaviors? (5)

A

Oxytocin

Behaviors (orgasms, social recognition, pair bonding, anxiety, maternal behaviors)

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23
Q

When do oxytocin levels rise?

Study These Flashcards
A

Child-birth for mothers and new fathers

24
Q

Oxytocin promotes which main behavior?

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A

ethnocentric behaviors, trusting, empathy for their group and rejection of outsiders

25
Which chemical structure is similar to oxytocin?
Vasopressin
26
What happens when you give a vasopressin receptor antagonist in prairie voles?
loss of devotion to each other
27
Herbal drugs used to treat lovesickness or induce passion may induce some ___________ or ___________ activities, or on ______________ levels
dopaminergic adrenergic testosterone
28
5 so-called aphrodisiacs? why?
Asparagus : vitamin E stimulates sex hormones Chili peppers : release endorphins Chocolate : PEA Oysters : zinc, increase testosterone and libido Spanish fly
29
3 medications used for erectile dysfunction?
Viagra, Cialis, Levitra
30
What typically happens in the regulation of blood flow in the penis? How do erectile dysfunction pills affect this?
- Typically, NO activates guanylyl cyclase, PDE 5 promotes degradation of cGMP (GTP to GPM) , cGMP protein kinase is activated and decreases Ca2+, myosin detaches from actin, smooth muscle relaxation - Pill inhibit PDE5, less relaxation of muscle
31
Do erectile dysfunction pills increase libido? When should they be taken?
No | 1hr before sexual encounter
32
Which has longer half-life : Viagra, Cialis or Levitra?
Cialis (17,5h) | Viagra/Levitra (4-5h)
33
What chemical has been studies to improve arousal in females? MOA? Safe to use?
PT-141 or bremelanotide MOA : activates melanocortin receptors MC1R and MC4R in hypothalamus, nerve signal to penile tissue (corpus cavernosa), NO, cGMP degradation by PDE-5 (GTP to GMP), vasodilation and erection Not safe
34
Difference between PT-141 and Viagra?
PT-141 doesnt act on vascular system, acts directly on nervous system
35
3 inhibitors of PDE-5 in bremelanotide MOA?
Sildenafil Vardenafil Tadalafil
36
"female viagra"? | Safe by FDA? side effects? (4)
Flibanserin : Addyi Not safe Dizziness, drowsiness, fainting, BP drop
37
Flibanserin was initially what type of med? MOA?
Antidepressant (increase dopamine)
38
4 recreational drugs that affect sex?
Cannabis Alcohol Cocaine Ecstacy
39
+ and - of cannabis?
+relaxes muscles, higher sensitivity, reduce anxiety and stress -may make you anxious, lower testosterone and estrogen
40
+ and - of alcohol?
+social lubricant | -erectile dysfunction
41
+ and - of cocaine?
+arousal, sex drive and focus increase | -erectile dysfunction, paranoia, can't relax/fall asleep, low sperm count
42
+ and - of ecstacy?
+arousal, intense pleasure | -inhibits orgasm, decreases lubrication
43
Short term effects of ecstacy?
release of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine. More oxytocin and vasopressin
44
Long-term effects of ecstacy?
depression of NTs (particularly serotonin)
45
Dangerous effects of ecstacy?
increase body temp/dehydration if dancing a lot, increase need to urinate, teeth grinding
46
6 drugs that can be mixed with ecstacy?
``` caffeine ephedrine metamphetamine LSD PCP ketamine ```
47
Date rape drugs? (2)
Rohypnol, Roofies (flunitrazepam) | GHB : gamma hydroxybutyric
48
Effects of roofies? (6) | How long does sedation take? how long does it last?
10x stronger tranquilizer than diazepam Sedative effect, amnesia, muscle relaxation, slowing of psychomotor responses, feeling drunk 20-30min, several hours
49
What happens when roofies are mixed with alcohol and other drugs? (4)
Unconsciousness Slow HR Suppressed breathing Death
50
Is GHB a natural substance in the body? | It mimics the action of ______
Yes | GABA
51
GHB used for what? (5)
General anesthetic | Insomnia, depression, narcolepsy, alcoholism, improve athletic performance
52
4 effects of GHB? | At higher doses? (8)
Euphoria Disinhibition Enhanced sensuality and empathogenic states High doses : nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, visual disturbances, depressed breathing, amnesia, unconsciousness, death
53
Effects of GHB last how long?
1,5-3h
54
What is the pleasure chemical?
dopamine
55
Which areas of the brain with dopamine have heightened activity when seeing a significant other
Frontal lobe | Caudate area
56
What is the monogamy chemical?
Vasopressin

Pharmacology II (21 decks)

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