atypical gender development Flashcards
(18 cards)
support for biological explanations of GD
zhou et al, kruijver et al, coolidge et al, heylens et al.
what does zhou et al. support
brain sex theory
what does kruijver et al. support?
brain sex theory
what does coolidge et al. support
genetic factors
what does heylens et al. support?
genetic factors
describe zhou et al.
studied the bed nucleus of the stria terminals, which are typically developed by age 5 and 40% larger in men. in a post-mortem of 6 trans women, the BSTc was a similar size to biological female brains.
describe kruijver et al.
found that in the 6 trans women, the number of neurons in the BSTc was typical of a biologically female brain.
describe coolidge et al.
assessed 157 twin pairs for evidence of GD using clinical diagnosis of the DSM-4. prevalence of GD was about 2.3%, and 62% of cases could be accounted for by genetic variance.
describe heylens et al.
compared 23 MZ twins with 21 DZ twins where 1 of each pair was diagnosed with GD. 39% of MZ twins were concordant, and 0% of DZ twins were concordant.
contradictory evidence for biological explanations for GD
hulshoff et al.
what does hulshoff et al. contradict?
brain sex theory
describe hulshoff et al.
found that transgender hormone therapy affects the size of the BSTc, evem though it should have developed by 5. therefore, observed differences in BSTc may be due to hormone therapy, not GD.
support for psychological explanations of GD
stoller
what does stoller support
psychodynamic theory of GD
describe stoller
interviewed GD biological males, and they displayed overly close relationships with their mothers. this led to greater female identification and atypical gender identity in the long term.
contradictory evidence for psychological explanations for GD
rekers
what does rekers contradict
psychodynamic theory of GD
describe rekers
suggested that GD in those assigned male at birth is more likely to be associated with the absence of the father than the fear of separation with the mother.
