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SLP A&P > Auditory Chapters > Flashcards

Auditory Chapters Flashcards

1
Q

Stapedius

A

Pulls the stapes posteriorly

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2
Q

Tensor tympani

A

Pulls malleus anteriorly

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3
Q

Christa

A

Receptor organ for movement within vestibular mechanism, made up of ciliated receptor cells and a supporting membrane

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4
Q

Bony labyrinth divided into 3 spaces

A

Scala vestibuli, scala tympani and scala media

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5
Q

Outer ear pathway of sound

A
  1. Pinna collects the sound waves and they travel down the External Auditory Meatus to the tympanic membrane. This begins the impedance matching process in the middle ear. The tympanic membrane starts compressing and disco pressing which then starts vibrating the malleus
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6
Q

Middle ear pathway of sound

A

The bones of the inner ear are referred to as the ossicles and are made up of the malleus, incus and stapes. These are there to match impedance of 2 conductive systems of the outer ear and the cochlea. They do this through area ratio, lever advantage and the bulking effect. As this occurs the stapes taps on the oval window

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7
Q

Inner ear pathway

A

As the stapes taps on the oval window this then creates fluid filled vibrations in the scala vestibuli which then bends the basilar membrane which separates the cochlear duct and scala tympani. The vibrations stimulate hair cells that are in the spiral organ of Corti. This then send action potentials down the vestibular cochlear branch of the cranial nerve, which passes to the thalamus and ultimately the temporal love.

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8
Q

When does the cochlear begin to develop

A

10-12 weeks

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9
Q

When is the tympanic membrane fully developed?

A

18 weeks

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10
Q

When does fetal hearing begin

A

23-24 weeks, threshold is 65 decibels with a range of 500-1000 Hertz

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11
Q

When can a fetus respond to noise or voices in the womb?

A

25-26 weeks

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12
Q

What happens at 28-30 weeks in utero?

A

Rapid maturation of cochlea and auditory nerves
Responses rapidly fatigue
Initial auditory processing by 30 weeks
Threshold is 40 db with an increased frequency range
Tympanic membrane is similar to the adult

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13
Q

When are the inner, outer and middle ear completely developed?

A

32-24 weeks

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14
Q

When are the outer hair cells matured?

A

32 weeks

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15
Q

When does increased speed of conduction occur?

A

> 34 weeks

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16
Q

When are ossicles and electrophysiology complete

A

36 weeks, hearing threshold 30 db with increasing range, increasing ability to localize and discriminate voices

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17
Q

When does sound sensitivity mature rapidly?

A

24-35 weeks

18
Q

Pinna

A

Cartilage that collects and localizes sound

19
Q

External auditory meatus

A

Epithelium lined celia, boundary between middle and outer ear

20
Q

Tympanic membrane has 3 layers

A
  1. Outer layer is made of epithelial tissue
  2. Intermittent fibrous layer - connective
  3. Inner (mucous) layer - produces ceramen (ear wax)
21
Q

Malleus

A

Manubrium or handle of the malleus is a long process that attaches to the tympanic membrane.
Anterior and lateral processes provide points of attachment for ligaments

22
Q

Incus

A

Provides the intermediate communicating link of the ossicular chain
Body of incus articulates with the head of the malleus by means of the malleolar facet
Lenticular process articulates with the stapes

23
Q

Otitis media

A

Eaustachian tubes become swollen or blocked and it traps fluid within the ear

24
Q

Stapes

A

Head (Caput) articulates with the lenticular process of the incus
Footplate of the stapes rests in the oval window of the temporal bone
Articulation of incus and stapes is a ball and socket joint - incudostapedial joint

25
Q

Stapedius muscle

A

Origin: posterior wall of middle ear space of temporal bone
Insertion: Posterior crus of stapes
Innervation VII facial nerve
Action: Rotates footplate of stapes posteriorly, stiffening the ossicular chain

26
Q

Tensor tympani

A

Origin: Cartilaginous portion of the auditory tube and greater wing of sphenoid
Insertion: Manubrium malli
Innervation: V trigeminal nerve via the otic ganglion
Action: Pulls malleus anteriomedially and a stiffens the ossicular chain

27
Q

What is the vestibular system

A

Semicircular canals, gives sense of balance, knowing where you are in space

28
Q

Landmarks of the middle ear

A

Oval window
Round window
Promonotory of the cochlea
Prominence of facial nerve
Auditory (eaustachian) tube
Mastoid air cells (relieve pressure from the eaustachian tube, can get infected

29
Q

Some of the outer ear component

A

Helix - curved upper margin of ear
Concha - entrance of earl canal
Travis - cartilage covering the ear canal

30
Q

Osseous semicircular canals

A

Anterior canals - sense movement of head to shoulder
Posterior canal - sense when standing up & yes
Lateral (horizontal) canals. - sense when shaking head no

31
Q

Entryway to inner ear

A

Vestibule

32
Q

What is the Osseous labyrinth made up of?

A

entryway to labyrinth (vestibule)
The semicircular canals
Osseous cochlear canal

33
Q

Cochlear Labyrinth is divided into 2 incomplete chambers

A

Scala vestibuli and the scala tympani by the Osseous spiral lamina which is the attachment for the scala media which houses the sensory organ for hearing

34
Q

Nerves of inner ear

A

Vestibular cochlear nerves connects through the vestibule
Cochlear nerve connects to the cochlear which connects to vestibular cochlear nerve as well
Facial nerve is separate, it does not Innervate anything

35
Q

Round window function

A

Communicates between the sCala tympani and the middle ear

36
Q

Oval window function

A

Communicates between the scala vestibuli and middle ear

37
Q

Cochlear aqueduct

A

Connects cochlea and the subarachnoid space

38
Q

Why is the ear called a transducer

A

It converts acoustical energy into electrochemical energy

39
Q

What is the Osseous labyrinth

A

System of cavities within bone that houses the membranous labyrinth

40
Q

What is the membranous labyrinth

A

A fluid-filled sac attached to the walls of the Osseous labyrinth and is filled with endolymph

41
Q

Separations in cochlear

A

Reissner’s membrane separates the scala vestibuli and the scala media
Basilar membrane separates the scala media from the scala tympani

42
Q

How many rows of outer and inner hair cells

A

3 rows of outer and 1 of inner
Tunnel of corti esparates the outer and inner hair cells
Hair cells are innervated by the VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve

SLP A&P (8 decks)

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