AUTOIMMUNITY

Question 1

Paul Ehrlich describes this phenomenon as “——” this means “fear of self-poisoning”

Answer 1

horror autotoxicus

Question 2

Paul Ehrlich describes this phenomenon as “——” this means “fear of self-poisoning”

Answer 2

horror autotoxicus

Question 3

A varied group of chronic illnesses that
involves almost every human organ system

Answer 3

Autoimmunity

Question 4

Seen when demonstrable immunoglobulins
of —— display specificity for self-antigen or autoantigens that contribute to pathogenesis of a cell disorder

Answer 4

cytotoxic T cells

Question 5

Autoimmunity begins with an abnormal interaction of
——— with autoantigens or self-antigens

Answer 5

T and B lymphocyte

Question 6

Other causes of autoimmunity: __________________________________. These factors may alter antigens which the body perceived as non-
self-antigen

Answer 6

Bacteria, viruses (infection), drugs and
radiation (environmental exposure)

Question 7

Ex of autoimmunity caused by bacteria

Answer 7

post streptococcal glomerulonephritis,

Question 8

this is the clonal deletion of relevant effector cells. If ever there’s a deletion, it will lead to self-reactive lymphocytes

Answer 8

Genetic susceptibility

Question 9

B and T cells differentiation wherein there’s what
we call processed ________________.

Answer 9

central tolerance

Question 10

Also seem to influence the antigen recognition or non-
recognition by determining the peptides that can be
presented to the T cells

Answer 10

Major Histocompatibility Complex

Question 11

Autoimmune disease of brain.

Answer 11

Multiple sclerosis

Question 12

Organ specific autoimmunity.

Answer 12

Multiple sclerosis and Type 1 DM

Question 13

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia can be cause by a drug called

Answer 13

Cephalosporin dapsone

Question 14

These medications Acts as haptens

Answer 14

Cephalosporin dapsone

Question 15

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia leads to the activation of

Answer 15

Complement cascade

Question 16

This is seen most commonly in condition to secondary viral infection.

Answer 16

Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria

Question 17

IgG protein reacts with RBC in colder parts
of the body producing complement
component binding

Answer 17

Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria

Question 18

essential for the development of
red blood cell

Answer 18

Vitamin B12

Question 19

A chronic disease resulting from the non-
absorption of vitamin B12

Answer 19

Pernicious anemia

Question 20

Pernicious anemia results to the inability to secrete intrinsic factors. What is the basic abnormality of the disease?

Answer 20

Severe atrophic gastritis

Question 21

substance secreted by stomach that will enable the body to absorb
vitamin B12.

Answer 21

Intrinsic factor

Question 22

is most common in late
adult life

Answer 22

Pernicious anemia

Question 23

This is the main problem why we cannot secrete the intrinsic factor. Presence of this leads to the diagnosis of pernicious anemia

Answer 23

IF-blocking antibody

Question 24

Autoantibodies to platelets bind to many of the
major platelet membrane glycoproteins

Answer 24

IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA

Question 25

are the major antigens with which the platelet autoantibodies bind

Answer 25

Platelet GpIIb / IlIa and GPIb/IX

Question 26

Gp IIb and IIIa in the presence of ______ will form a complex ________.

Answer 26

Calcium, fibrinogen

Question 27

sticking together of platelets together with platelets

Answer 27

Aggregation

Question 28

sticking of platelet in the collagen or glass surface

Answer 28

Platelet adhesion

Question 29

The function of platelets that cannot be performed is aggregation, bec. there are _________________.

Answer 29

autoantibodies against GpIIb/IIIa

Question 30

function is useful for platelet adhesion, adhere to the damage endothelium

Answer 30

Gp Ib/IX

Question 31

Classic symptoms of IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA

Answer 31

petechiae, bruising and bleeding after minor trauma

Question 32

What is seen in IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA

Answer 32

Thrombocytopenia

Question 33

GOODPASTEUR SYNDROME / GOODPASTURE  Autoantibodies to certain antigens on the membrane of _________________________ are formed

Answer 33

kidney glomeruli and lung alveoli

Question 34

In goodpasteur disease, The kidneys may be damage or patients may suffer from

Answer 34

pulmonary hemorrhage

Question 35

What is seen in goodpasteur syndrome?

Answer 35

Bleeding in the lungs are seen

Question 36

Signs and symptoms of hashimotos disease

Answer 36

Goiter (S&S), Hypothyroidism and Thyroid autoantibodies

Question 37

responsible for our metabolism.

Answer 37

T3 and T4

Question 38

increase number of lymphocytes in the thyroid

Answer 38

Hyperplasia

Question 39

HASHIMOTO’S THYROIDITIS: The _____________ is completely replaced by the lymphocytes

Answer 39

Germinal Center

Question 40

irregular and rubbery immune destruction of thyroid gland

Answer 40

Goiter

Question 41

autoantibodies to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors bind to TSH receptors on thyroid

Answer 41

Graves disease

Question 42

Graves diseases causes

Answer 42

Graves ophthalmopathy and Graves’s dermopathy

Question 43

one of the characteristics of grave’s disease.

Answer 43

Weight loss

Question 44

causes hypothyroidism. Fat patient because the T3 & T4 are low

Answer 44

Myxedema

Question 45

Graves diseases: irregular menstruation

Answer 45

Oligomenorrhea

Question 46

INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS  a condition caused by autoimmune responses against the _________ in pancreas resulting in destruction of _______.  ________________ against the beta cells migrate to areas of beta cells in pancreas

Answer 46

beta cells, beta cells, Self-reactive cytotoxic T cells (CTLs)

Question 47

What does autoantibodies activates in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus?

Answer 47

Complement cascade

Question 48

What HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) is associated with IDDM?

Answer 48

DR3, DR4, DQ2, and DQ8

Question 49

Other names of IDDM:

Answer 49

Juvenile diabetes and Type 1 Diabetes

Question 50

MYASTHENIA GRAVIS  Occurs in the ________________ o _______________ is the site where the nerve (brain) and muscle communicates

Answer 50

neuromuscular junctions

Question 51

one of the neurotransmitters

Answer 51

Acetylcholine

Question 52

Acetylcholine receptors are located where?

Answer 52

Muscle cells

Question 53

MYASTHENIA GRAVIS problem lies in the

Answer 53

acetylcholine receptors

Question 54

MYASTHENIA GRAVIS causes

Answer 54

breakdown and fatigue of any muscle

Question 55

Normal neuromuscular junction:  ________ = acetylcholine (it carries an impulse)

Answer 55

Color blue

Question 56

 There’s a binding of autoantibodies in the muscle of the patient  This muscle will not be able to receive the impulse that is carried by acetylcholine because there’s an antibody binding

Answer 56

Myasthenia gravis

Question 57

systemic. It can affect all organs

Answer 57

Organ nonspecific

Question 58

Most prevalent autoimmune disease in developed countries

Answer 58

Systemic lupus Erythematous

Question 59

The commonest autoantibody found in the serum of SLE patients is the autoantibody to _______________________

Answer 59

double stranded DNA (dsDNA)

Question 60

Specific for SLE

Answer 60

double stranded DNA (dsDNA)

Question 61

Very common for SLE patients

Answer 61

Glomerulonephritis

Question 62

One of the most complicated effects of lupus

Answer 62

Glomerulonephritis

Question 63

Immune complex deposition and subsequent complement activation leads to the tissue destruction.

Answer 63

SLE

Question 64

What is reported in SLE?

Answer 64

Serum level of C3 and C4

Question 65

Seen in 46-65 of SLE patients

Answer 65

Malar rash

Question 66

Red or purplish and mild and scaly

Answer 66

Malar rash

Question 67

a chronic systemic inflammatory disease primarily involving the joints

Answer 67

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Question 68

The _______________ contains rheumatoid factor

Answer 68

serum and synovial fluid

Question 69

Rheumatoid factors are synthesized with in _______________

Answer 69

lymphoid infiltrates

Question 70

Type of Ig in Rheumatoid factor

Answer 70

IgM, IgG, IgA

Question 71

Rheumatoid factor attacks the IgG where?

Answer 71

Fragment Crystallizable

Question 72

Autoantibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 72

Rheumatoid factor

Question 73

What HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) is associated with SLE?

Answer 73

DR3

Question 74

HLA specific for SLE

Answer 74

DR3

Question 75

What HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) is associated with RA?

Answer 75

DR4 haplotype

Question 76

In advance cases of rheumatoid arthritis, what is seen?

Answer 76

joint deformities

Question 77

Rheumatoid arthritis __________ consists of macrophages, mast cells and fibroblasts

Answer 77

Invasive pannus

Question 78

Rheumatoid arthritis: ___________ contains organized lymphoid tissues (CD4+ T cell, B cells and macrophages)

Answer 78

Synovial fluid

Question 79

What is seen in the differential count of synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 79

Increased neutrophils

Question 80

an autoimmune disease of central nervous system

Answer 80

Multiple sclerosis

Question 81

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS)  an autoimmune disease of central nervous system  Involves ___________________ o from negative selection – T cells are being deleted if they’re being self-reactive.

Answer 81

auto reactive T cells

Question 82

Where is self reactive t cells present in multiple sclerosis

Answer 82

Periphery of the host

Question 83

In multiple sclerosis, the T cells infiltrates may cause destruction of

Answer 83

Myelin sheath

Question 84

a chronic, progressive, inflammatory disease of unknown etiology.

Answer 84

ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS (AS)

Question 85

ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS (AS)  a chronic, progressive, inflammatory disease of unknown etiology.  The disease primarily affects the __________________________

Answer 85

sacroiliac joints, vertebral joints, and large peripheral joints

Question 86

ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS Can cause some of the vertebrae in the

Answer 86

spine to fuse

Question 87

Affects men more often than women

Answer 87

Ankylosing spondylitis

Question 88

Most commonly affected in ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 88

 Sacroiliac joint  The vertebrae in your lower back  Entheses  The cartilage between your breastbone and ribs