Automotive and Shop Information Flashcards
(154 cards)
1
Q
What are the three most common cylinder arrangements in internal combustion engines?
A
inline; horizontally opposed (flat); V-type
2
Q
What are two likely causes of pre-ignition?
A
a glowing spark plug; a hot piece of carbon
3
Q
What are the two advantages of a four-valve cylinder head over a two-valve cylinder head?
A
higher engine operating speeds; more complete combustion of the air-fuel mixture
4
Q
What three things must be present before combustion can occur in an internal combustion engine?
A
air; fuel; a heat source
5
Q
What are the four strokes of a four-stroke cycle from first to last?
A
intake; compression; power; exhaust
6
Q
25 degrees BTDC (before top dead center) is an example of _____ ignition timing.
A
advanced
7
Q
In a double overhead cam arrangement, what does each cam do?
A
One cam operates the exhaust valves; the other operates the intake valves.
8
Q
What are TDC and BDC?
A
top dead center; bottom dead center. Travel from TDC to BDC and back constitutes one stroke.
9
Q
What function does a cylinder perform?
A
A cylinder forms a guide for the piston, allowing the piston to move up and down as the engine completes its cycle.
10
Q
What happens in an engine’s oil pan?
A
Oil drips from various engine parts into the pan, cools, and is picked up by the oil tube and sent back to the oil pump.
11
Q
_____ send data to a car’s computer; _____ receive commands from a car’s computer.
A
Sensors; actuators
12
Q
What are the two major types of engine cooling systems?
A
air-cooling and water-cooling
13
Q
What does a crankshaft do?
A
A crankshaft converts the linear motion of the piston into rotary motion.
14
Q
_____ protect other car parts from the energy produced by the up-and-down movement of the wheels.
A
Shock absorbers
15
Q
What do piston rings do?
A
Piston rings seal the cylinder so that exhaust gases do not leak out and oil does not leak in.
16
Q
What are ball joints?
A
Ball joints are ball-and-socket arrangements that allow the steering knuckle to turn and move up and down.
17
Q
What flows through radiator hoses?
A
coolant flowing from the radiator to the engine and returning from the engine to the radiator
18
Q
_____ can transmit power through very steep angles in order to transfer mechanical energy to the car’s wheels.
A
Constant velocity (CV) joints
19
Q
Define engine block.
A
The engine block is a framework in which the cylinders are arranged.
20
Q
What is the difference between disc brakes and drum brakes?
A
In disc brakes, brake pads on both sides of a rotating disc are pinched together to slow the disc’s rotation. In drum brakes, brake shoes inside a rotating drum expand to make contact with the interior of the drum, slowing its motion.
21
Q
Most internal combustion engines employ a _____-stroke cycle.
A
four
22
Q
The ____ matches engine speed to the desired speed of the vehicle.
A
transmission
23
Q
What is a PCM?
A
Powertrain control module - that is, a car’s computer
24
Q
_____ work by adjusting the brake pressure in each wheel depending on the wheel’s speed.
A
Anti-lock brakes (ABS)
25
The camshaft is driven by the crankshaft by means of a ____.
timing belt or timing chain
26
What does a fuel rail do?
A fuel rail delivers fuel under pressure to the engine's fuel injectors.
27
The low-voltage winding in a car's ignition system is called the ____.
primary coil winding
28
Does an alternator produce DC or AC power?
AC
29
Spent fuel gases exit the cylinder and pass into the ____.
exhaust manifold
30
Define stoichiometric ratio.
The stoichiometric ratio is the ideal air-fuel mixture for insertion into the engine cylinder. For gasoline engines, this is 14.7:1 by weight.
31
What are a car's water jackets?
Water jackets are hollow sections of the engine block through which coolant flows.
32
What five functions does an engine's lubrication system perform?
The lubrication system lubricates, cools, seals, cleans, and quiets.
33
What does an automatic transmission use instead of a clutch?
a torque converter
34
The transaxle in a front-wheel drive vehicle combines which two components that are normally distinct in a rear-wheel drive vehicle?
transmission; drive axle
35
What parts have been eliminated in coil-on-plug ignition systems?
spark plug wires
36
The most common types of fuel injection systems are ____ and ____.
multiport fuel injection; direct injection
37
What are the two main components of engine oil?
base oil; additive package
38
What is the optimal range of pressure in a cooling system?
9 to 16 psi (pounds per square inch)
39
What is the most likely cause of engine "knock"?
The air-fuel mixture explodes (detonates) rather than burns, often due to a lean air-fuel mixture.
40
Define piston.
The piston is a cylindrical object that moves up and down inside an engine's cylinder.
41
The AC electricity produced by the alternator is converted to DC by the ____.
rectifier (or rectifier bridge)
42
The ____ is the main component of the charging system and converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
alternator
43
Why is a coolant recovery reservoir necessary?
A coolant recovery reservoir is needed to capture overflow when the radiator pressure cap valve opens, because the flow of coolant between the engine and radiator varies based on the heat of the engine.
44
The high-voltage winding in a car's ignition system is called the ____.
secondary coil winding
45
Does a car's battery provide DC or AC electricity?
DC
46
OHV stands for ____.
overhead valve
47
What are oil galleries?
Oil galleries are passages throughout the engine that deliver oil to various engine components.
48
In most cars, exhaust gases pass from the catalytic converter and through the ____ before leaving the car.
muffler
49
A radiator cap has two valves: a(n) ____ valve and a(n) ____ valve.
pressure; vacuum (or vacuum; pressure)
50
Define viscosity.
The viscosity of a liquid is its resistance to flow; liquids with higher viscosity are thicker and flow less easily.
51
What does a connecting rod do?
Connect rods connect each piston to the engine's crankshaft.
52
Internal combustion engines take ____ energy, convert it into ____ energy and then into ____ energy.
chemical; heat; mechanical
53
Engine coolant is usually composed of a mixture of ____% antifreeze and ____% water.
50; 50
54
Diesel engines employ _____ to ignite the air-fuel mixture.
a high compression ratio (or high pressure)
55
Where is the oil filter positioned in an engine?
The oil filter filters oil after it leaves the oil pump and before it circulates through the engine.
56
Brakes work through ____ pressure.
hydraulic (or fluid)
57
What is chiefly responsible for generating fluid pressure to operate a car's brakes?
the master cylinder
58
What does a camshaft do?
A camshaft opens and closes the cylinders' intake and exhaust valves.
59
Diesel engines lack a ____ (a common element in gasoline-burning engines).
spark-ignition system
60
Between the drive axle and the CV joints is a short drive shaft called the ____.
half shaft
61
What does an intake manifold do?
An intake manifold is the structure that delivers air to the intake ports of the engine's cylinders.
62
What is the function of the intake valve in an internal combustion engine?
The intake valve allows the air-fuel mixture to be drawn into the combustion chamber.
63
The ____ generates the fluid pressure to operate the brake assemblies at the wheels.
master cylinder
64
The ____ allows the left and right wheels to turn at different speeds while cornering.
differential
65
What is the basic function of the drivetrain system?
to transmit power from the engine to the wheels
66
What function does the distributor perform?
The distributor is responsible for timing the ignition spark and distributing it to the correct cylinder.
67
Which are of the engine is most reliant on lubrication?
the reciprocating assembly (pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft)
68
When the thermostat is _____, coolant does not pass through the radiator.
closed
69
What is the function of the radiator?
to transmit heat from the coolant to the outside air.
70
What happens in an engine's cylinder?
Fuel and air are ignited, pushing the piston downward, and then exhaust gases are expelled when the piston moves upward.
71
How is a car's oil pump powered?
The oil pump is usually powered by the crankshaft.
72
A car's battery has plates made from ____ immersed in a mixture of ____ and water.
lead; sulfuric acid
73
Instead of carburetors, most cars now have ____.
electronic fuel injection
74
The camshaft turns at ____ the speed of the engine's crankshaft.
one-half
75
When a driver turns on the car's lights or radio, this causes a decrease in system voltage. The ____ responds to this by increasing the output of the alternator.
voltage regulator
76
What does a catalytic converter do?
A catalytic converter processes the toxic gases in engine exhaust, turning them into carbon dioxide, water, and other less harmful substances.
77
A(n) _____ is the best tool for measuring small objects to the thousandth of an inch.
micrometer
78
A(n) ____ saw is used to make fine, curving cuts.
coping
79
Snap rings are usually installed and removed using ____.
snap ring pliers
80
A(n) ____ can be struck with a hammer in order to make long cuts.
chisel
81
A worker would use a ____ to join two pieces of wood while glue used to bind them dries.
clamp
82
____ pliers are used for gripping very small objects.
Needle nose
83
A castellated nut uses a(n) ____ to hold it in place.
cotter pin
84
Combination slip joint pliers are adjustable at the _____.
joint of the two handles (or joint of the two "jaws")
85
Why would someone use a rubber or wooden mallet?
Rubber or wooden mallets are most frequently used to protect the work surface from dents or scratches. Rubber mallets are often used on delicate metal surfaces, while wooden mallets are usually used in carpentry.
86
Crosscut saws have teeth that are ____, while rip saws have teeth that are ____.
vertically straight; angled in alternating directions
87
A(n) ____ can be struck with a hammer in order to make holes or to drive home fasteners.
punch
88
____ saws are used to cut across the grain of a piece of wood, while ____ saws are used to cut with the grain.
Crosscut; rip
89
A ____ can be struck with a hammer in order to drive home a fastener without damaging the work surface.
drift
90
____ calipers measure the exterior dimensions of an object; ____ calipers measure the interior dimensions.
Outside; inside
91
A ____ saw is used for making fine, straight cuts.
back
92
Locking pliers are also known as ____.
Vise-Grip pliers
93
Aside from oxyacetylene welding, the other major type of welding is ____.
electric arc welding
94
What is the main advantage of a soldering gun over a soldering iron?
The soldering gun has a very rapid warm-up cycle.
95
A right-hand drill bit is made to cut while rotating in a(n) _____ direction.
clockwise
96
Which tool is frequently used to cut wire and small cables?
diagonal cutters
97
MIG (metal inert gas) welding is also known as _____ welding.
wire-feed
98
A welder will require more electric current if either the ____ or the ____ is larger.
pieces being welded; electrode in use
99
Why is the diameter of a fastener critical to a task?
The diameter of a fastener determines the size of the hole the fastener is installed in.
100
The UNC (Unified National Coarse) and UNF (Unified National Fine) classifications define fasteners based on which measure?
number of threads per inch
101
What is a common distinction between a screw and a bolt?
A screw typically has a round head with an indentation matching the appropriate screwdriver; a bolt typically has a hexagonal or square head.
102
A hammer with a 16- to 20-ounce head is typically used for what purpose?
This weight of hammer is a rough-framing hammer and is often used for framing wooden houses.
103
Instead of using a wrench to loosen a fastener in a tight space, a worker could use a ____ with a ____.
socket; ratchet handle
104
A(n) ____ saw is a powered saw that sits on a table and can be used to make angled cuts.
miter
105
A(n) _____ holds a piece of work to a surface such as a worktable.
vise
106
A(n) ____ is used to clean a surface that will be soldered.
flux
107
A drill's chuck is identified by the ____ diameter drill bit it will hold.
largest
108
What is the difference between a tubular spirit level and a bullseye spirit level?
A tubular spirit level is useful for measuring levelness in one dimension, whereas a bullseye spirit level can measure the levelness of a plane in all directions.
109
____ nuts can be loosened by hand.
Wing
110
An air wrench combines torque with ____ to loosen fasteners.
vibration or vibrating action
111
What is the difference between a ball-peen hammer and a claw hammer?
Both a ball-peen hammer and a claw hammer have striking surfaces. A ball-peen hammer has a rounded steel end opposite the striking surface, while a claw hammer has a bifurcated (that is, split) lever for removing nails.
112
Adjustable joint pliers are used to grip larger-diameter objects and are also known as ____.
Channellock pliers or water pump pliers
113
An adjustable wrench is also called a(n) ____.
Crescent wrench
114
A(n) ____ saw can be used to bore circular cuts in wood.
hole
115
A(n) ____ can be used to smooth a large wooden surface.
plane (or jack plane)
116
A _____ (nut / bolt) has external threads, while a _____ (nut / bolt) has internal threads.
bolt; nut
117
Oxyacetylene welding uses a torch fueled by a mixture of _____ and _____.
oxygen; acetylene
118
What type of saw is used for cutting metal?
hacksaw
119
Which are used for finer finishing - rasps or files?
files
120
Binding surfaces together with a molten metal alloy is called ____.
soldering
121
____ pliers are used for cutting and bending heavy-gauge wire.
Lineman
122
____ are smoothing tools that come in flat, half-round, and triangular shapes, among others.
Files
123
What type of saw is embedded within a table and has a rotating blade?
a table saw, which is a type of circular saw
124
Why does a combination wrench have both a box end and an open end?
The box end is used to loosen a tight bolt, and the open end is used to quickly remove a bolt that has been loosened.
125
A file is made to cut on the ____ stroke.
forward
126
Which tool is often used with a back saw to make even cuts at specific angles?
miter box
127
When would a technician use adjustable joint pliers?
when large diameter objects must be gripped or twisted
128
Why must welders wear helmets and protective clothing?
for protection from ultraviolet light
129
Before soldering an electrical connection, it is wise to make a(n) ____ connection.
mechanical
130
A hacksaw is made to cut on the ____ stroke.
forward
131
____ thread onto bolts to clamp assemblies together.
Nuts
132
What tool is used to make a small indentation as a starting mark for a drilling operation?
center punch
133
What fastener is used to create a semipermanent assembly?
rivet
134
What tool is used to drive pins out of holes and follow the pins through the holes?
pin punch
135
High-intensity ultraviolet light is generated during ____.
A. welding
B. sawing
C. soldering
D. drilling
A. welding
Soldering does not produce the electric arc that welding does. Welders must cover all exposed skin with protective clothing and wear face shields with light filters for protection.
136
Most drill bits are made to cut when
A. rotating to the right when viewed from the top
B. rotating to the left when viewed from the top
C. rotating to the right when viewed from the bottom
D. oscillating
A. rotating to the right when viewed from the top
The vast majority of drill bits are made to cut while rotating in a clockwise direction (as viewed from above). These are known as right hand drill bits. (Notice that choices B and C are logically equivalent and therefore must be incorrect, as each question has only one correct answer.)
137
A motor oil with a ___ prefix for its quality rating would be suited for a diesel engine.
A. CD
B. SA
C. SJ
D. DM
A. CD
A motor oil with a "C" prefix for its quality rating would be suited for a diesel engine use (i.e., a CD rating). Motor oil that had both an "S" and a "C" rating would be suited for either gasoline or diesel engine use. An example of this would be motor oil with a rating of SJ/CD.
138
Coil-on-plug ignition systems eliminate the need for
A. secondary coil winding
B. spark plug wires
C. spark plugs
D. primary coil winding
B. spark plug wires
Coil-on-plug ignition systems eliminate the need for spark plug wires because the ignition coil is mounted directly over the spark plugs. Secondary coil winding, spark plugs, and primary coil winding are still necessary components in a coil-on-plug ignition system.
139
A DOHC V-8 engine would have a total of ___ camshafts.
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. eight
C. four
A double overhead cam arrangement puts two camshafts into each cylinder head, and makes it so one cam operates the exhaust valves in that head, and the other operates all the intake valves. Since the configuration of a V-8 engine has two heads, there would be a total of four camshafts.
140
Cutting torches use a mixture of _____ to produce a high-temperature flame.
A. nitrogen and acetylene
B. nitrogen and oxygen
C. acetylene and helium
D. acetylene and oxygen
D. acetylene and oxygen
Using an oxyacetylene cutting torch involves the burning of oxygen and acetylene to produce a flame that is hot enough to melt steel.
141
All cars are currently being built with ____ electrical systems.
A. direct current
B. alternating current
C. negative ground
D. both direct and alternating current
A. direct current
All automotive electrical systems are designed to utilize direct current (DC). Some vehicles may use a negative ground as part of their electrical systems, but not all cars do, so C is incorrect.
142
As lead-acid batteries discharge, their electrolyte gradually turns to
A. sulphuric acid
B. water
C. lead peroxide
D. none of the above
B. water
As the lead-acid batter discharges, the sulphuric acid in the electrolyte is reduced to water. The lead plates then become lead sulphate. Charging the battery restores the chemical composition of the lead plates and the electrolyte.
143
The camshaft turns at ____ the speed of the engine's crankshaft.
A. one-half
B. one-fourth
C. twice
D. triple
A. one-half
The camshaft is responsible for the opening and closing of the engine's intake and exhaust valves. The camshaft turns at one-half the speed of the engine's crankshaft.
144
An outside micrometer can be used to measure all of the following EXCEPT
A. the distance between two wooden posts
B. the thickness of flat objects
C. the outside diameter of small cylindrically shaped objects
D. the outside diameter of small spherical objects
A. the distance between two wooden posts
An outside micrometer is used to measure the outside dimensions of small things, such as cylinders, spheres, or relatively flat, thin objects.
145
Engine temperature is controlled by the
A. electrical system
B. water pump
C. radiator
D. thermostat
D. thermostat
The thermostat controls engine temperature by allowing coolant to flow into the radiator when the coolant temperature rises above a certain level.
146
The three elements needed to initiate combustion are
A. air, light, and fuel
B. air, fuel, and an ignition source
C. air, compression, and an ignition source
D. air, heat, and compression
B. air, fuel, and an ignition source
A specific mixture of air and fuel plus an ignition source to get the whole thing going is required for combustion.
147
A four-cylinder engine's firing order always starts with cylinder number
A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 8
A. 1
The firing order for four-cylinder engines is 1-3-4-2. Therefore, A is the answer.
148
_____ cylinders will fire in one revolution of a six-cylinder engine.
A. Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. Eight
B. Three
It takes two full revolutions of the crankshaft to complete one cycle of events in a four-stroke cycle engine. This means that all of the cylinders in the engine must complete a power stroke in two revolutions of the crankshaft. So in one revolution, only three cylinders will fire. Thus, the correct answer is B.
149
Most solders are an alloy of ____.
A. tin and copper
B. tin and lead
C. copper and lead
D. brass and copper
B. tin and lead
Most solders are an alloy of lead and tin. The percentages of each metal in the solder will vary depending on the desired properties of the solder, i.e., melting point.
150
A lead-acid batter has lead plates immersed in electrolyte composed of ____ and water.
A. citric acid
B. hydrochloric acid
C. carbolic acid
D. sulphuric acid
D. sulphuric acid
An automobile battery, or lead-acid battery, is made up of lead plates immersed in an electrolyte made up of sulphuric acid and water.
151
The starter motor's drive gear engages with the engine's
A. flywheel ring gear
B. crankshaft
C. vibration damper
D. timing chain
A. flywheel ring gear
Moving the ignition switch to the "start" position sends an electrical current to the starter solenoid. This engages the starter drive gear onto then engine's ring gear, which is located on the flywheel.
152
Sockets come in both ____ point designs.
A. 6 and 12
B. 7 and 13
C. 5 and 10
D. 1 and 2
A. 6 and 12
Sockets come in both 6- and 12-point designs. Six-point is a stronger design, and is usually the mechanic's first choice in the smaller socket drive sizes. However, 12-point is definitely the most popular in large drive sizes.
153
The stoichiometric, or ideal, air-fuel ratio is
A. 10:1
B. 17:1
C. 14.7:1
D. 17:4.2
C. 14.7:1
The stoichiometric, or ideal, air-fuel ratio is 14.7:1. This means that 14.7 pounds of air is combined with 1 pound of fuel to crate an ideal air-fuel mix.
154
With disc brakes, the ____ rotates with the vehicle's wheels.
A. brake rotor
B. brake caliper
C. brake drum
D. wheel cylinder
A. brake rotor
It is the brake rotor attached to the wheel that rotates. Then the brake caliper clamps to slow the car wheels down. While a brake drum does rotate with the wheel, it is not a component of a disc brake system.
