General Science Flashcards
1
Q
____ are animals that eat other organisms
A
Consumers
2
Q
Each row of the periodic table is called a(n) ______.
A
Period
3
Q
Gametes are called ____ because they have half as many chromosomes as normal cells.
A
Haploid (think HAploid = HAlf)
4
Q
The process by which a cell divides, producing two cells both of which are identical to the parent cell, is called _____.
A
Mitosis
5
Q
Define sublimation (as it is used in chemistry).
A
Sublimation is the process by which a solid turns into a gas (without passing through a liquid phase).
6
Q
Where in the body is the tibia located?
A
Lower leg
7
Q
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: hecto
A
base times 100; h
8
Q
The thick layer that lies between the Earth’s crust and the Earth’s core is called the _____.
A
Mantle
9
Q
Which have a larger diameter: bronchi or bronchioles?
A
Bronchi
10
Q
What does DNA stand for?
A
Deoxyribonucleic acid
11
Q
Scurvy is caused by a lack of which nutrient?
A
Vitamin C
12
Q
What is the common name for the cranium?
A
Skull
13
Q
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: centi
A
Base time 0.01; c
14
Q
What is the name of the portion of the brain generally considered to be the center of intelligence?
A
Cerebrum
15
Q
Name some types of electromagnetic radiation
A
Possible answers include: visible light, radio waves, microwaves, ultraviolet waves, infrared waves, X-rays, and gamma rays
16
Q
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: deka
A
Base times 10; da
17
Q
What is the name fro nerve cells?
A
Neurons
18
Q
Where in the body is the femur located?
A
Thigh
19
Q
In cellular respiration, cell organelles called _____ process sugar and oxygen in order to produce energy, water, and carbon dioxide.
A
Mitochondria
20
Q
Decomposers, which break down organic matter and release minerals into the soil, are also known as _____.
A
Saprotrophs
21
Q
The pitch of the sound produced by an ambulance’s siren seems to change as it passes you. This is an example of the _____.
A
Doppler effect
22
Q
The theory of _____ explains how chunks of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle slowly move.
A
Plate techtonics
23
Q
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: mega
A
Base times 1,000,000; M
24
Q
If someone has type A+ blood, the plus sign indicates the _____.
A
Rh factor
25
Define evaporation
Evaporation is the process by which liquid water becomes water vapor.
26
Water vapor that has entered the atmosphere _____ to form clouds.
Condenses
27
When two atoms bond by sharing a pair of electrons, a(n) ______ bond is formed.
Covalent
28
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: deci
Base times 0.1; d
29
Primary consumers are also known as _____.
Herbivores
30
What does DNA do?
DNA contains instructions for the construction of proteins. It determines an organism's genetic makeup and traits.
31
If a person has two alleles that are alike for a particular gene, that person is _____ for that particular gene.
Homozygous
32
What type of clouds produce precipitation?
Stratus and cumulus
33
What do white blood cells do?
Fight infection
34
Name the planets, in order from the Sun outward.
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune (Remember: My very educated mother just served us nachos.)
35
The _____ carries sperm from the testes to the penis by way of the _____.
Vas deferns; prostate
36
What are the four blood types?
A, B, AB, O
37
Antibiotic drugs are not effective against illnesses caused by _____.
There are several possible answers; examples include viruses, diet and lifestyle choices, and genetic disorders.
38
The central nervous system is composed of the _____and the _____.
Brain; spinal cord
39
What is the common name for the coccyx?
Tailbone
40
_____ rock is formed when existing rock material is altered by changes in temperature, pressure, or other processes.
Metamorphic
41
When an acid is combined with a base, they produce ____.
Water and a salt
42
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: kilo
Base times 1,000; k
43
The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately _____ meters per second.
300 million
44
Earth is approximately _____ years old.
4.6 billion
45
Why are the planets closest to the Sun called the terrestrial planets?
The composition of these planets is similar to that of Earth.
46
The asteroid belt closest to the Earth lies between which two planets?
Mars and Jupiter
47
Which two bodily functions are enhanced by calcium?
Bone growth, muscle function
48
What is a vector quantity?
A quantity defined by both a magnitude and a direction
49
The element box for chlorine within the periodic table of elements contains a 17 above the abbreviation Cl and a 35.5 below the abbreviation? What do these two numbers indicate?
The atomic number is 17: there are 17 protons in a chlorine atom's nucleus and 17 electrons in the electron cloud. The atomic mass of chlorine is 35.5.
50
An acid gives up _____ charged hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.
Positively
51
What is the difference between physical change and chemical change?
A physical change may alter the form, size, and / or shape of matter; a chemical change alters its molecules.
52
A convex mirror _____ light waves; a convex lens _____ light waves.
Diverges; converges
53
Define genotype.
A person's genotype is the entire genetic makeup of that person, including recessive genes.
54
What are some minerals that are required for proper nutrition?
There are many possible answers. Examples are: iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorous, and zinc
55
Can light travel through a vacuum?
Yes
56
Where in the bod is the fibula located?
Lower leg
57
When light reflects off a surface, the angle of _____ is equal to the angle of _____.
Incidence; reflection (or reflection; incidence)
58
Small objects that enter the Earth's atmosphere and burn up, creating a visible bright streak in the night sky, are called _____. If one makes it to Earth's surface, it is called a(n) _____.
Meteors; meteorite
59
The gaseous state of a substance occurs at a(n) _____ temperature than the liquid state, which occurs at a(n) _____ temperature than the solid state.
Higher; higher
60
Elements whose outer shells are completely filled with electrons are _____.
Noble gases
61
When a warm front meets a cold front, a likely result is _____.
Precipitation
62
In the water cycle, water soaks into the earth in a process known as _____.
Infiltration
63
Where in the body is the radius bone located?
Forearm
64
Define vertebrate.
A vertebrate is an animal with a spine.
65
Acidic substances have a pH _____ than 7; basic substances have a pH _____ than 7.
Lower; higher
66
Each person has _____ alleles for every trait.
Two (one from each parent)
67
High-pitched sounds have a(n) _____ frequency than low-pitched sounds.
Higher
68
Name the four major components of blood.
Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
69
When a gas changes to a liquid, this process is known as _____.
Condensation
70
A(n) _____ lens curves outward; a(n) _____ lens curves inward.
Convex; concave
71
Water freezes at _____ Kelvin.
273
72
In the heart, ____ are chambers that collect blood, and _____ are chambers that pump blood.
Atria; ventricles
73
When one atom bonds to another atom by "borrowing" an electron from it, a(n) _____ bond is formed.
Ionic
74
Is the flu caused by a bacterium or a virus?
A virus
75
If a person has two alleles that are different for a particular gene, that person is _____ for that particular gene.
Heterozygous
76
Where in the body are blood cells created?
Bone marrow
77
The ozone layer is part of the ____.
Stratosphere
78
What is the common name for hypertension?
High blood pressure
79
When the northern hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, the season is ____ in the northern hemisphere and _____ in the southern hemisphere.
Summer; winter
80
What is an element's atomic number?
The number of protons in one of the element's atoms
81
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: micro
Base times 0.000001; the Greek letter mu (looks similar to a lower-case, cursive u).
82
Define pathogen.
A pathogen is a disease-causing agent, such as a bacterium or virus.
83
In the metric system, the basic unit of mass or weight is the _____.
Gram
84
In terms of the food web, vultures and wolverines are examples of _____.
Scavengers
85
Define photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants take in light energy, water, and carbon dioxide and use these substances to produce sugar and oxygen.
86
Which organ in the body employs gastric acid?
Stomach
87
When water evaporates from the leaves of plants, this is known as _____.
Transpiration
88
_____ rock is formed when mineral deposits, such as those carried by a river, harden over time.
Sedimentary
89
A recessive trait is displayed in an organism only if _____.
Both alleles for that trait are recessive
90
What is the difference between an exoskeleton and an endoskeleton?
An exoskeleton is a hard exterior structure; an endoskeleton is a frame located inside the body.
91
Is strep throat caused by a bacterium or a virus?
A bacterium (specifically, Streptococcus pyogenes; hence the name "strep")
92
The _____ scale is based on a measurement known as absolute zero.
Kelvin
93
Define gamete.
A gamete is a reproductive cell.
94
Prokaryotic cells are defined as cells that do not have a(n) _____.
Nucleus
95
Where in the body are the carpal bones located?
Wrists
96
What are some ways that carbon is removed from the atmosphere?
There are several possible answers, but the major ones are: photosynthesis and absorption by rain and by bodies of water.
97
The ____ is the portion of the brain that controls involuntary actions such as breathing.
Medulla
98
A convection oven works by ______.
Circulating hot air
99
What is the formula for converting a temperature expressed in degrees Fahrenheit into a temperature expressed in degrees Celsius?
C = 5/9 (F - 32)
100
Which blood type is the universal recipient?
Type AB
101
A person's physical characteristics, taken all together, are known as that person's ______.
Phenotype
102
_____ carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The _____ carries urine from the bladder outside the body.
Ureters; urethra
103
What is produced in the testes?
Sperm
104
Where in the body are the tarsal bones located?
Ankles
105
What role does pepsin play in the body?
Pepsin breaks down proteins in the stomach
106
Name the three ways heat can be transferred from one object or medium to another.
Conduction, convection, radiation
107
Two atoms with the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons are called _____.
Isotopes
108
Define endometrium.
The endometrium is the lining of the uterus.
109
When heat is transferred through electromagnetic waves, this is known as _____.
Radiation
110
Carnivores eat _____, while omnivores eat both _____.
Consumers; producers and consumers. Another acceptable answer is: animals; plants and animals
111
What is the difference between bone and cartilage?
Bones are more rigid and provide the body's framework. Cartilage is more flexible and is found at the ends of bones, in joints, and in the nose and ears.
112
When the Earth is closest to the Sun, it is ____ in the northern hemisphere and ____ in the southern hemisphere
Winter; summer
113
Name the levels of taxonomic classification, from the broadest to the most specific category.
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species (Remember: Dear King Philip, come over for good soup.)
114
Rows of the periodic table refer to ____. Columns of the periodic table refer to _____.
The number of electron shells in atoms; the number of electrons in the outer shell of atoms
115
Define ovulation.
Ovulation is the release of an egg from an ovary through the Fallopian tube and into the uterus.
116
Viruses can replicate only ____.
Inside a host's cells (that is, viruses cannot replicate outside a host)
117
An acid with a pH of 5 is _____ times more acidic than an acid with a pH of 6.
10
118
A lunar eclipse occurs when the ____ passes between the _____ and the Sun.
Earth; moon
119
Variants of genes are known as _____.
Alleles
120
Above the stratosphere is the _____.
Mesosphere
121
Define trachea.
The trachea is the windpipe - the passageway from the throat to the lungs.
122
Define capillaries.
Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels, which deliver oxygenated blood to the body's tissues and carry away deoxygenated blood.
123
When light bends due to passing through a medium, this bending is referred to as _____.
Refraction
124
What type of star is the Sun?
G2V or yellow dwarf
125
In the metric system, the basic unit of length is the ____.
Meter
126
The _____ is the portion of the brain that controls balance and muscle coordination.
Cerebellum
127
In general, ______ carry oxygenated blood, while _____ carry deoxygenated blood.
Arteries; veins
128
What gases are exchanged in human respiration?
In respiration, humans take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.
129
In the metric system, the basic unit of volume is the ____.
Liter
130
What is the difference between tendons and ligaments?
Both tendons and ligaments are connective tissues. Tendons connect muscles to bones, while ligaments connect bones to other bones.
131
Where in the body is the ulna located?
Forearm
132
Our solar system's asteroid belt lies between the orbits of _____ and _____.
Mars and Jupiter
133
What role to ribosomes play in a eukaryotic cell?
Ribosomes produce proteins
134
Which blood type is the universal donor?
Type O
135
The hottest and uppermost layer of Earth's atmosphere is the _____.
Thermosphere
136
How many chromosomes do human gametes have?
23
137
Define atomic mass.
An element's atomic mass is the mass of a single atom. It can be approximated by adding together the atom's protons and neutrons. One proton or one neutron has a mass roughly equal to one atomic mass unit (amu).
138
Absolute zero expressed in degrees Celsius is _____.
-273 degrees Celsius
139
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix; milli
Base times 0.001; m
140
Plant cells have a rigid _____, while animal cells do not.
Cell wall
141
What is the pH of pure water?
7
142
Red light has a(n) _____ frequency than violet light.
Lower
143
Can sound travel through a vacuum?
No
144
Define esophagus.
The esophagus is the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach.
145
A(n) _____ is a ball of ice, frozen gases, and dust that orbits the Sun.
Comet
146
Producers, which make their own food through photosynthesis, are also known as _____.
Autotrophs
147
In females, the sex chromosomes are ____ and are designated by the letters ____. In males, the sex chromosomes are ____ and are designated by the letters ____.
(females) homozygous; XX
| (males) heterozygous; XY
148
Where in the body is the humerus bone located?
Upper arm
149
_____ rock is formed when magma cools.
Igneous
150
What are some compounds produced by the pancreas?
The enzymes pancreatic amylase, lipase, and trypsin and the hormone insulin (as well as other less well-known hormones)
151
What is the name of the two largest veins in the body?
Venae cavae (plural of vena cava)
152
Which organ produces bile?
Liver
153
What are some factors that can contribute to heart disease?
There are several possible answers; examples include high cholesterol, high blood pressure, lack of exercise, smoking, and excess weight.
154
What are some ways that carbon is released into the atmosphere?
There are several possible answers, but the major sources are manufacturing emissions, vehicle emissions, respiration, and decomposing organic matter.
155
What is the Kuiper Belt?
A loose group of asteroids and other material that lies beyond Neptune
156
Each column of the periodic table is called a(n) _____.
Group
157
What is the formula for converting a temperature expressed in degrees Celsius into a temperature expressed in degrees Fahrenheit?
F = 9/5 C + 32
158
The ____ nervous system controls voluntary actions, and the ____ nervous system controls involuntary activity.
Somatic; autonomic
159
A type of matter is classified as an element when _____.
It cannot be separated into different types of matter by ordinary chemical methods
160
A stationary front produces _____ weather.
Cloudy and wet
161
Define biosphere
The biosphere consists of the layers of Earth (crust, surface, atmosphere) where life naturally occurs.
162
The Moon affects which activity on Earth?
Tides
163
What formula is used to calculate velocity?
v = d/t, where v = velocity (a vector quantity), d = displacement (a vector quantity), and t = time
164
What is inertia?
The tendency of all matter to resist changes in motion
165
When genetic signals in a cell fail to tell it to stop reproducing, the result may be _____.
Cancer
166
Put these in order to describe how blood flows from the heart to the body: body, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle, lungs, right atrium.
Right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, body
167
The state of matter occurring at lower temperatures is the ____ state.
Solid
168
The diaphragm is a system of muscles that allows ____.
Breathing
169
What is the name of the process by which gametes are produced from diploid cells?
Meiosis
170
Name the three major types of clouds.
Stratus, cirrus, cumulus
171
What is the lowest level of Earth's atmosphere?
Troposphere
172
What is the common name for the larynx?
Voice box
173
Define molecule.
A molecule is the smallest particle of a substance that has the properties of that substance. A molecule is composed of two or more atoms.
174
In chemical reactions, the molecules an atoms entering the reaction are called ____, and those resulting from the reaction are called _____.
Reactants; products
175
Bananas are a source of which important mineral?
Potassium
176
The aorta is the largest ____ in the body.
Artery
177
A magnetic compass's ____ pole points to the Earth's north pole.
South
178
On the Richter scale, an earthquake of magnitude 2 is ____ times greater than an earthquake of magnitude 1.
10
179
The ratio by which light is slowed when passing through a medium is referred to as the medium's _____.
Refractive index
180
Ova are carried from the ovaries to the uterus through the ____.
Fallopian tubes
181
What is a zygote?
A fertilized egg
182
Diploid cells have ____ times the number of chromosomes as do haploid cells.
2
183
Which particle of an atom carries a positive charge? a negative charge? No charge?
Proton; electron; neutron
184
Sound waves travel _____ through metal than through water, and ____ through water than through air.
Faster; faster
185
A solar eclipse occurs when the ____ passes between the ____ and the Sun.
Moon; Earth
186
Carnivores are also known as ____ consumers.
Secondary
187
What role do proteins play in nutrition?
Proteins enable the body's growth and repair of tissues.
188
Earth's core is nearly twice as dense as its mantle because the core is ____.
Metallic
189
What is a unique feature of vitamin D?
One of its best sources comes not from diet but from the Sun. The skin generates vitamin D in response to ultraviolet rays.
190
The respiratory system enables blood cells to absorb ____ and eliminate ____ and water vapor.
Oxygen; carbon dioxide
191
What does a positive or negative sign in a blood type indicate?
Rh factor
192
What is another name for the large intestine?
Colon
193
Define biome.
A biome is a major life zone of interrelated species bound together by a similar climate and similar plant and animal life.
194
What are the five kingdoms of living things?
Monera (sometimes split into Bacteria and Archaea), Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
195
When heat is transferred through direct contact between two objects, this is known as ____.
Conduction
196
The ____ is a major connecting center between the brain and the nerve network.
Spinal cord
197
1 kilometer is how many times larger than 1 millimeter?
1,000,000 (1 million) times larger
1 mm x 1,000 = 1 meter;
1 meter x 1,000 = 1 km
198
How many chromosomes do nonreproductive cells have?
46
199
How does vaccination (immunization) prevent disease?
It causes the immune system to react to a deactivated pathogen so that the immune system will react to future exposure to a similar active pathogen.
200
The genetic material of a eukaryotic cell is contained in its ____.
Nucleus
201
Put these classifications in order from broadest to narrowest: class, domain, family, genus, kingdom, species, order, phylum.
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
202
_____ are necessary for the body's maintenance, growth, and repair.
A. Proteins
B. Carbohydrates
C. Fats
D. Vitamins
A. Proteins
Proteins are necessary for the body's maintenance, growth, and repair. Carbohydrates and fats are used primarily for energy. Vitamins are necessary for the functioning of various enzymes.
203
On a Fahrenheit thermometer, the boiling point of water at sea level is
A. 100 degrees
B. 180 degrees
C. 212 degrees
D. 373 degrees
C. 212 degrees
Water boils at 212 degrees on the Fahrenheit scale at sea level. On the Celsius scale, it boils at 100 degrees and on the Kelvin scale at 373 K.
204
The process by which the body's cells use oxygen and glucose to produce energy, while releasing carbon dioxide and water vapor as waste products, is known as
A. decomposition
B. photosynthesis
C. oxidation
D. respiration
D. respiration
The process by which animals convert oxygen (and sugars) into carbon dioxide and water is called respiration. The reverse process, by which plants convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen, is called photosynthesis.
205
____ carry blood back to the heart from the capillaries.
A. Arteries
B. Veins
C. Ventricles
D. Red blood cells
B. veins
Veins carry blood from capillaries toward the heart. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Ventricles are the lower chambers of the heart. Red blood cells are the component of blood that carries oxygen.
206
Which of the following is an example of a chemical process?
A. Helium mixes with neon
B. Iron forms rust
C. Sugar dissolves in water
D. Ice melts
B. Iron forms rust.
Iron forms rust when water (or an even better electrolyte) turns iron and oxygen into iron oxide; this is a chemical process. Helium and neon are both inert noble gases, so they do not react chemically. When sugar dissolves in water, the sugar particles become evenly distributed throughout the water, forming a solution. However, neither is changed chemically. The sugar can be restored by boiling off the water. Ice melting does not alter the chemistry of water.
207
A universal donor is a person with which of the following blood types?
A. O negative
B. A positive
C. AB positive
D. B negative
A. O negative
Type O negative is the universal donor, which means that type O negative blood can be given to anybody without an adverse reaction.
208
Blood enters the right atrium of the heart from the
A. aorta
B. left ventricle
C. pulmonary vein
D. vena cava
D. vena cava
Blood enters the right atrium of the heart from the vena cava.
209
Which of the following substances has the highest pH?
A. ammonia
B. battery acid
C. isopropyl alcohol
D. water
A. ammonia
The more basic (that is, alkaline) a substance is, the higher the pH. A substance with a pH of 7 is neutral, like pure water. A substance with a pH of greater than 7 is basic / alkaline. Look in the answer choices for a base. Of the substances listed, ammonia is the most basic or alkaline.
210
Which of the following organs does the most work to break down food using enzymes?
A. pancreas
B. stomach
C. small intestine
D. large intestine
C. small intestine
Of the various digestive organs, the small intestine does the most work in breaking the food down into usable nutrients. Food is broken down completely by enzymes produced in the walls of the small intestine, in the pancreas, and in the liver.
211
Which of the following is NOT part of the female reproductive system?
A. oviduct
B. uterus
C. ovary
D. testes
D. testes
In the male reproductive system, the testes produce sperm. In the female reproductive system during ovulation, an egg, or ovum, is released from the ovary and begins to travel through the oviduct (fallopian tube) and into the uterus.
212
The most basic unit of inheritances is known as a
A. phenotype
B. genotype
C. chromosome
D. gene
D. gene
A gene is define as the most basic unit of inheritance. A genotype is the combination of alleles that codes for a particular trait. A phenotype is the physical expression of a particular genotype. Chromosomes are tightly coiled strands of DNA that contain multiple genes.
213
Which of the following is a sedimentary rock?
A. granite
B. marble
C. shale
D. slate
C. shale
Shale, which is derived from clay sediments, is an example of sedimentary rock.
214
A producer is also known as a(n)
A. heterotroph
B. saprotroph
C. autotroph
D. scavenger
C. autotroph
An autotroph is known as a producer or self-feeder because it can produce its own food. This is generally done through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. A saprotroph is a decomposer, a heterotroph relies on other organisms to be its food, and a scavenger feeds on decaying flesh.
215
A vulture would be considered a
A. producer
B. decomposer
C. scavenger
D. parasite
C. scavenger
A vulture is considered a scavenger. These animals mostly consume refuse and decaying organic matter, especially carrion, which is decaying flesh.
216
What type of rock is obsidian?
A. sedimentary
B. igneous
C. metamorphic
D. sandstone
B. igneous
Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling of lava and include obsidian, granite, basalt, and others.
217
During a lunar eclipse
A. the Moon lies between the Earth and Sun
B. the Sun lies between the Moon and Earth
C. the Earth lies between the Moon and Sun
D. the Sun lies outside the Moon's umbra
C. the Earth lies between the Moon and Sun
A lunar eclipse happens when the Moon passes through the Earth's shadow. During a lunar eclipse, the Earth lies between the Moon and Sun.
218
A centimeter is
A. one hundredth of a meter
B. one tenth of a meter
C. ten meters
D. one hundred meters
A. one hundredth of a meter
The prefix centi- indicates hundredth. One thousandth of a meter is called a millimeter. 10 meters is a decameter and 100 meters is a hectometer.
219
Momentum is
A. the push or pull that fores an object to change its speed or direction
B. the rate of change of velocity
C. the rate at which an object changes position
D. the tendency of an object to continue moving in the same direction
D. the tendency of an object to continue moving in the same direction
Momentum is the tendency of an object to continue moving in the same direction. Velocity is the rate at which an object changes position. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. Force is the push or pull that forces an object to change its speed or direction.
220
Which color's light waves have the highest frequency?
A. yellow
B. green
C. red
D. violet
D. violet
Visible light is composed of different colors each with a different frequency. Red has the lowest frequency, and violet has the highest frequency.
221
The major portion of an atom's mass consists of
A. neutrons and protons
B. electrons and protons
C. electrons and neutrons
D. neutrons and positrons
A. neutrons and protons
The major portion of an atom's mass consists of neutrons and protons. Electrons, positrons, neutrinos, and other subatomic particles have negligible masses.
222
Which of the following is NOT an example of an arthropod?
A. crab
B. centipede
C. sea urchin
D. spider
C. sea urchin
Arthropods represent a large phylum of the animal kingdom characterized by chitinous exoskeletons, segmented bodies, and jointed legs. Examples include crabs, centipedes, and spiders, but not the sea urchin, which belongs to the phylum Echinodermata.
223
Table salt is considered a(n)
A. ionic compound
B. semi-ionic compound
C. covalent compound
D. element
A. ionic compound
Table Salt (NaCl) is an ionic compound because each chlorine atom borrows an electron from each sodium atom. This results in very strong ionic bonds that enable salt to form a tightly bound crystalline structure when in the solid form. When salt is placed in water, however, the crystalline structure breaks down, and the individual sodium and chlorine ions are both able to dissociate into the water.
224
Over the course of 24 hours
A. the Earth rotates 360 degrees around the sun
B. the Moon rotates 360 degrees around the Earth
C. the Earth rotates 360 degrees about its axis
D. the Moon rotates 360 degrees about its axis
C. the Earth rotates 360 degrees about its axis
Over the course of 24 hours, the Earth rotates 360 degrees, or one complete rotation, about its axis.
225
Which of the following kingdoms is composed of prokaryotic life forms such as bacteria, and as such is considered the most primitive?
A. Fungi
B. Protista
C. Monera
D. Plantae
C. Monera
The Monera kingdom is considered the most primitive kingdom because its organisms are prokaryotic - that is, their cells lack nuclei.
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Human beings belong to the phylum
A. Animalia
B. Chordata
C. Mammalia
D. Primata
B. Chordata
The phylum Chordata contains animals with vertebrae. (In human beings, the vertebrae are the bones that make up the spine.) Animalia is the kingdom that includes humans. Mammalia is the class that includes humans. Primata is an order that includes primates (such as humans).
