Autonomic

Question 1

Peripheral nervous system is divided into which two sections

Answer 1

Motor and sensory

Question 2

The motor division of the PNS is subdivided into

Answer 2

Autonomic and somatic

Question 3

Autonomic nervous system regulates

Answer 3

homeostasis

Circulation, respiration, digestion, metabolism, secretions, body temperature reproduction

Question 4

afferent pathway in the ANS comes from

Answer 4

From the viscera

Question 5

The efferent pathway flows to

Answer 5

Motor to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle glands

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 6

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 6

Pressure- baroreceptors aorta and carotid sinus and lungs
stretch- veins, bladder, intestines

Question 7

chemo receptors

Answer 7

carotid and aortic bodies
Medulla, hypothalamus, taste buds, olfactory bulbs

Question 8

chemo receptors in the medulla respond to

Answer 8

Hydrogen ions and carbon dioxide

Question 9

chemo receptors in the hypothalamus response to

Answer 9

Blood glucose levels

Question 10

nociceptors

Answer 10

Pick up on noxious stimuli in the viscera and arterial walls

respond to stretch and ischemia and respond to any indication of a threat to the tissue

Question 11

Thermoreceptors

Answer 11

respond to changes in temperature

hypothalamus blood temperature
Cutaneous external temperature

Question 12

there are two routes for the afferent pathways from visceral receptors to access CNS

Answer 12

spinal cord via the dorsal roots
Brainstem via cranial nerves

Question 13

Which is the main visceral sensory nucleus?

Answer 13

Solitary nucleus

Cranial nerves send visceral info to the solitary nucleus

Question 14

solitary nucleus sends info to

Answer 14

pons and medulla, which is the visceral control

Hypothalamus thalamus and limbic systems which is the modulatory control

Question 15

Limbic system influences respiratory by

Answer 15

Activating respiratory control areas in the pons and in the medulla rather than directly controlling respiration

Question 16

Visceral afferents synapse with

Answer 16

visceral efferents (autonomic reflexes)
Neurons that ascend to the brainstem hypothalamus and thalamus

Question 17

visceral nociceptive afferents also connect to

Answer 17

somatosensory, nociceptive tract neurons (referred pain)

Somatic efferents (muscle guarding)

Question 18

medulla visceral control…

Answer 18

Heart rate
Respiration
vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Question 19

pons

Answer 19

Respiration

Question 20

hypothalamus, thalamus, limbic system are going to modulate

Answer 20

brainstem autonomic control

Question 21

hypothalamus brainstem modulation

Answer 21

Regulation of homeostasis and internal equilibrium

Affects heart and respiration rate metabolism, water balance, digestion, and body temperature

Question 22

Thalamus brainstem modulation

Answer 22

Projected to limbic system

Question 23

Limbic system brainstem modulation

Answer 23

Emotions, moods, motivation

Induce autonomic responses like anxiety increasing heart rate

Question 24

efferent pathways are what type of pathway

Answer 24

two neuron pathway

Preganglionic and postganglionic

Question 25

Sympathetic

Answer 25

fight or flight target structures are in body wall and body cavity

Question 26

parasympathetic

Answer 26

Rest and digest Target structures are in body cavities, head, and external genitalia

Question 27

Preganglionic cell bodies are located

Answer 27

In the lateral gray matter of the thoracic/lumbar spinal cord T1-L2

Question 28

Postganglionic cell bodies are located

Answer 28

In sympathetic chain ganglia Or Collateral ganglia

Question 29

sympathetic chain explanation

Answer 29

The neurons are coming from the lateral gray matter between the segments of T1 to L2 then through the spinal nerves then come out the paravertebral sympathetic ganglia

Question 30

Collateral ganglia explanation (Accessory ganglion)

Answer 30

unpaired prevertebral ganglia because they positioned anterior to the column

Question 31

The axons are going to exit the sympathetic chain ganglia in four routes

Answer 31

1. spinal nerves 2. sympathetic nerves 3. splanchnic nerves 4. Splanchnic nerve to adrenal gland

Question 32

The preganglionic cell bodies of the parasympathetic system are in

Answer 32

cranial nerves 3,7,9 and 10 ( brainstem) pelvic splanchnic nerves (lateral parts of the gray matter in the sacral spinal cord S2 three or four)

Question 33

postganglionic cell bodies of the parasympathetic system located

Answer 33

in Terminal ganglia

Question 34

pre-ganglionic nerves versus postganglionic nerves

Answer 34

pre run between CNS and the ganglion cholinergic (acetylcholine) May be myelinated post Between the ganglion and the organ parasympathetic - cholinergic Sympathetic - adrenergic (epinephrine)

Question 35

Preganglionic cell bodies of a sympathetic system

Answer 35

thoracolumbar outflow T1-L2

Question 36

Preganglionic cell bodies of the parasympathetic system

Answer 36

Craniosacral outflow either in the brainstem or in the sacral spinal cord

Question 37

Postganglionic cell bodies of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 37

Paravertebral- sympathetic chain or trunk , alongside the vertebral column prevertebral- unpaired collateral or accessory ganglia

Question 38

Postganglionic cell bodies of the parasympathetic system

Answer 38

Terminal ganglia that are in or near the walls of the organs that they’re going to innervate Head Organ wall

Question 39

pathway sympathetic trunk including rami

Answer 39

from the lateral horn, ventral root, the spinal nerve through the white ramus to the sympathetic chain, then synapses with the post ganglionic neuron is back to the spinal nerve via the gray ramus, then out the spinal nerve towards the effector

Question 40

exit sympathetic chain via spinal nerves

Answer 40

spinal nerves- synapsing with postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic chain ganglia * at the same level or go to a different level and then exit. exit out through the grey ramus communicants. re-enter nerve and proceeded to the effector. these Go to the skin the blood vessels, the muscles.

Question 41

exit sympathetic chain via sympathetic nerves

Answer 41

sympathetic nerves- pre-ganglionic axons enter the sympathetic chain, and then either synapse at the same level or different level and then the postganglionic axons form on the sympathetic nerves from the sympathetic chain and then they go to the organs and the thoracic cavity, the heart

Question 42

Sympathetic chain via splanchnic nerves

Answer 42

splanchnic nerves- preganglionic-axons coming out of the ventral root to the sympathetic chain ganglia and without synapsing they exit to form the splanchnic nerves then it’s synapses with the postganglionic neuron cellbody in the collateral or prevertebral gangia.

Question 43

exit sympathetic chain via splanchnic nerve to adrenal gland

Answer 43

Splanchnic nerve to adrenal gland- Pre-ganglionic axon comes out of the ventral root and goes to the sympathetic chain And passes through it into the splanchnic nerve then the collateral ganglia And then directly to the adrenal gland synapses In the cells of the adrenal gland