Cerebellum

Question 1

cerebellum compares what?

Answer 1

Compares motor output within intended movement and then adjust as necessary

Coordinates and refines movement
involved in movement rhythm, timing, and synchronization
No direct connections between cerebellum and the motor neurons

Question 2

cerebellum synapses with what?

Answer 2

With motor tract cell bodies in the motor cortex, premotor cortex and the brain stem

Question 3

unlike the rest of the cerebrum, the cerebellum regulates…

Answer 3

Ipsilateral movements

Question 4

three lobes of the cerebellum

Answer 4

Anterior
Posterior
flocculonodular- flocculus and nodule

Question 5

herniation of the cerebellum is usually which part of the lobes?

Answer 5

cerebellar tonsil part of the posterior lobe

Herniate through the foramen magnum with chiari malformation

Question 6

cerebellum attaches to the brainstem via…

Answer 6

three peduncles

Superior
Middle
Inferior

Question 7

superior peduncle

Answer 7

Mainly cerebellar outputs

Question 8

middle peuduncle

Answer 8

input of cerebral cortex info via the pons

Question 9

inferior peduncle

Answer 9

input from brainstem and a spinal cord
Output to vestibular nuclei, and reticular nuclei

Question 10

functional regions of the cerebellum

Answer 10

1. vestibulocerebellum (flocculonodular lobe)
2. spinocerebellum (vermis and paravermal region)
3. cerebrocerebellum (lateral hemisphere)

Question 11

vestibulocerebellum (flocculonodular lobe)

Answer 11

reciprocal links with the vestibular system
Regulates equilibrium

Question 12

spinocerebellum (vermis and paravermal region)

Answer 12

Connections with the spinal cord
Coordinates gross limb movement

Corrective and anticipatory adjustments

Question 13

cerebrocerebellum (lateral hemispheres)

Answer 13

connections with the cerebral cortex
Coordinates precise, distal voluntary movement

corticospinal
corticobrainstem
rubrospinal tracts

Movement planning

Question 14

rule of threes

Answer 14

Three anatomic lobes
Three peduncles
Three functional regions
Three cortical layers
Three major arteries

Question 15

three anatomic lobes

Answer 15

Anterior
Posterior
flacculonodular

Question 16

three peduncles

Answer 16

superior
inferior
middle

Question 17

three cortical layers

Answer 17

Molecular- outermost almost cell free, contains axons and dendrites
purkinje- middle layer, controls cerebellar cortex
Granular- deepest layer contains granular neurons, dense

Question 18

three branches of the vertebrobasilar system

Answer 18

superior cerebellar artery
anterior inferior cerebellar artery
posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Question 19

superior cerebellar artery

Answer 19

SCA
supplies superior cerebellum, and small portion rostral laterodorsal pons

Question 20

anterior inferior cerebellar artery

Answer 20

AICA
supplies lateral caudal pons and small portion of cerebellum

Question 21

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Answer 21

PICA
Supplies lateral medulla and inferior cerebellum

Question 22

cerebellar artery infarcts

Answer 22

More common in PICA and SCA

CAN CAUSE SWELLING OF CEREBELLUM that results in brainstem compression

Often requires surgical decompression of posterior fossa

Question 23

AICA infarcts

Answer 23

also gives rise to the internal auditory artery

therefore may result in unilateral hearing loss

Question 24

symptoms of cerebellar artery infarcts

Answer 24

Vertigo
Nausea vomiting
Horizontal nystagmus
Limb ataxia
Unsteady
Headache

Question 25

cerebellar lesions in vestibulocerebellum symptoms

Answer 25

unsteadiness Truncal ataxia Nystagmus

Question 26

cerebellar lesions in spinocerebellum symptoms

Answer 26

intention tremor ataxic gait Dysarthria dysdiadochokinesia- cannot rapidly alter movement dysmetria- cannot move intended distance movement decomposition

Question 27

lesions in cerebrocerebellum

Answer 27

finger ataxia Dysarthria

Question 28

Damage to the cerebellum will affect

Answer 28

Ipsilateral movement

Question 29

vestibulocerebellar output influences

Answer 29

The vestibulospinal tracts postural control information from the flocculonodular lobe to the vestibular nuclei Primarily ipsilateral, but also bilateral

Question 30

spinocerebellum output influences

Answer 30

all medial motor tracts lateral vestibulospinal Medial vestibulospinal Medial reticulospinal- gross limb movement medial corticospinal- neck, Upper back tend to be ipsilateral signals can be bilateral involved

Question 31

spinocerebellum output influences

Answer 31

all medial motor tracts lateral vestibulospinal Medial vestibulospinal Medial reticulospinal- gross limb movement medial corticospinal- neck, Upper back tend to be ipsilateral signals can be bilateral involved

Question 32

Which part of the cerebellum has influence on the reticulospinal tract and the associated gross limit movements

Answer 32

paravermal this is in the spinocerebellum, which controls the medial motor tracks