Autonomic (ANS) Drugs Flashcards
Give the significant Beta-2 antagonist (B2B)
Butoxamine
What are the Beta-1 Selective Antagonists?
CABMEN
Celiprolol
Atenonol, Acebutolol (ISA)
Bisoprolol, Betaxolol
Metoprolol
Esmolol
Nevibolol (most selective)
What are the Non-selective Beta Blockers/Antagonists?
NSTP
Nadolol
Satolol
Timolol
Propanolol
Beta-blockers with ISA
PAACO
Pindolol, Penbutolol
Acebutolol
Alprenolol
Celiprolol
Oxprenolol
Beta-blockers with Alpha-blocking capacity
Labetolol
Carvedilol (CHF)
Alpha-1 Selective Agonists
alpha-1 ni Phe (MIxed-acting adrenergic agonist)
Phenylephrine (Horner’s Syndrome)
Ephedrine/Pseudoephedrine (Priapism and Tachyphylaxis)
Phenylpropanolamine (risk for CVD)
Alpha-1 Selective Agonists
alpha-1 ni Phe (MIxed-acting adrenergic agonist)
Phenylephrine (Horner’s Syndrome)
Ephedrine/Pseudoephedrine (Priapism and Tachyphylaxis)
Phenylpropanolamine (risk for CVD)
Beta-3 agonist
Mirabegron (for bladder urgency)
Alpha-2 agonists
-nidines (hypertensive crisis)
-metazolines (ocular congestion)
a-methyldopa (preeclampsia HTN crisis)
Beta-1 agonist
dobutamine (AHF, cardiogenic shock, stress test)
Beta-2 agonists
terol FriendS MR. TAT
Formoterol
Salmeterol/Vilanterol
Metaproterenol
Ritodrine
Terbutaline (oral)
Albuterol
Theophylline (methyxanthine)
Non-selective alpha and beta agonist
D END
Dopamine
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Droxidopa
Non-selective Beta Agonist
Isoproterenol (vasodilates)
Longest half life among Non-selective Beta Blockers
Nadolol (NSTP)
Non-selective Beta Blockers with excellent ocular hypotensive effect
Timolol
for glaucoma with other alpha-2 agonists (apraclonidine and brimonidine)
Beta-blocker with ISA that’s a partial agonist
Acebutolol (arrhythmia)
Beta-blocker with ISA that potentiates anti-depressants
Pindolol
Beta-blocker with alpha-blocking capacity that decreases BP with less tachycardia
Labetalol
Beta-blocker with alpha-blocking capacity for CHF
Carvedilol
Attenuate oxygen free radical–initiated lipid peroxidation and to inhibit vascular smooth muscle mitogenesis independently of adrenoceptor blockade
Alpha-1 antagonists
-zosins and Phens
Prasozin
Terazosin
Doxazosin
Tamsulosin (less effect on standing BP)
Phenoxybenzamine (blocks H1, ACh, Ser receptors)
Phentolamine (pheochromocytoma, Regitine test)
Alfuzosin (QT prolongation risk)
Drug that may increase risk of QT prolongation in susceptible individuals
Alfuzosin (a1 antagonist)
Optha exam drugs for Myrdriasis
HomaTropicaCyclo
Homatropine
Tropicamide
Cyclopentolate
Nonselective Antimuscarinic Alkaloids
Atropine
Scopolamine (motion sickness)
Drug for Atropine Toxicity
Physostigmine
-fenacins block which receptors?
M3 for UIS and BPH
Drug of choice: Urinary incontinence syndrome (UIS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Tolterodine
Drug for anaphylactic shock
Epinephrine
Oral nicotinic antagonist ganglionic blocker
Mecamylamine
Drug for Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension
Droxidopa
Organophosphate drug for glaucoma that may cause toxicity
Echothiopate
Organophosphate Insecticide safe for mammals
Malathion
Beta-1 Selective Antagonists that are good for DM and PVD
Metoprolol and Atenolol
Nicotinic receptor detected in the central and peripheral nervous systems where it may function in cognition and pain perception. This nicotinic receptor subtype is a homomeric pentamer having five agonist binding sites at the interfaces of the subunits. Positive allosteric modulators of this receptor are being developed with a view to improving cognitive function in the treatment of schizophrenia.
α7 nAChR
Humans deficient in this nicotinic subunits are afflicted with microcystis (inadequate development of the urinary bladder), microcolon, intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome; urinary incontinence, urinary bladder distention and mydriasis also occur
α3 subunits
_________ is typical of a large group of carbamate insecticides designed for very high lipid solubility, so that absorption into the insect and distribution to its central nervous system are very rapid.
Carbaryl (carbaril)
____________, a thiocholine derivative, is of clinical value because it retains the very long duration of action of other organophosphates but is more stable in aqueous solution
Echothiophate
Organophosphate known as “nerve gas”
Sarin
_________, a secondary amine, was developed to improve the degree and extent of absorption from the gastrointestinal tract because the quaternary amine ganglion-blocking compounds were poorly and erratically absorbed after oral administration
Mecamylamine
effect of mecamylamine on eyes
cycloplegia
Usual antidote for earlystage (48 h) cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning
Pralidoxime
Mandatory antidote for severe cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning
Atropine
2 drugs derived from Atropine
→ used in ophthalmological examination
▪ Prevent synechia
Homatropine
Tropicamide
Cyclopentolate
Drug of choice (diagnostic and curative) for the pheochromocytoma
phentolamine
Drug of choice: Urinary incontinence syndrome (UIS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Tolterodine
DOC for enuresis
Imipramine
name 2 mixed adrenergic antagonist
Labetalol and Carvedilol
______&______ are reversible α1-selective antagonist that is effective in hypertension; it is also approved for use in men with urinary retention symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Terazosin and Doxazosin
Most important α receptor subtype mediating prostate smooth muscle contraction.
α1A subtype
________ is a competitive α1 antagonist with a structure quite different from that of most other α1-receptor blockers. It has higher affinity for α1A and α1D receptors than for the α1B subtype and evidence suggests that it has relatively greater potency in inhibiting contraction in prostate smooth muscle versus vascular smooth muscle compared with other α1-selective antagonists.
Tamsulosin
A recently recognized and potentially serious adverse effect of oral tamsulosin in patients undergoing cataract surgery is that they are at increased risk of the ________________, characterized by the billowing of a flaccid iris, propensity for iris prolapse, and progressive intraoperative pupillary constriction
intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS)
_________ reverses the antihypertensive effects of α2-adrenoceptor agonists such as clonidine.
Yohimbine
____________ is an α2-selective antagonist. It is sometimes used in the treatment of orthostatic hypotension because it promotes norepinephrine release through blockade of α2 receptors in both the CNS and the periphery. It is also used in veterinary medicine to reverse anesthesia produced by xylazine, an α2 agonist used to calm animals.
Yohimbine
Direct-acting Muscarinic Alkaloid for Sjogren’s disease
Pilocarpine
Direct-acting Muscarinic Synthetic for Sjogren’s disease
Cevimeline
Selective partial agonist at α4β2 nicotinic receptors; used exclusively for smoking cessation but banned due to psychosis
Varenicline
Inotropic agent for shock when increased CO is neededd
Dobutamine
used during resuscitation from cardiac arrest
Epinephrine
used as a pharmacologic cardiac stress test and for cardiogenic shock
dobutamine
Regulated drug that is still sometimes used for nasopharyngeal surgery because it combines a hemostatic effect with local anesthesia.
Cocaine
Sympathomimetics administered as ophthalmic drops are also useful in localizing the lesion in Horner’s syndrome
Phenylephrine
Direct muscarinic agonist used for acute-angle closure glaucoma and Sjogren Syndrome
Pilocarpine
α2-selective agonists used for glaucoma
Apraclonidine
Brimonidine
Nonselective muscarinic and nicotinic agonist; otherwise similar to bethanechol; used topically almost exclusively for glaucoma
Carbachol
