Autonomic Innervation

Question 1

what are the three roots of the ciliary ganglion

Answer 1

parasympathetic, sympathetic, sensory

Question 2

post- ganglion lacrimal gland pathway sympathetic

Answer 2

internal carotid artery plexus –> deep petrosal nerve –> vidian nerve –> pterygiodpalatine ganglion (symp passes through) –> maxillary nerve –> follows zygomatic branch –> communicating branch –> lacrimal nerve

Question 3

parasympathetic innervation iris sphincter

Answer 3

pupil constriction- 3%

Question 4

direct acting agonist

cholinergic agonist aka parasympathomimetics

Answer 4

pilocarpine

pupil constriction + acc

Question 5

ciliary ganglion sympathetic pathway

Answer 5

passes through –> BV of conj + choroid

Question 6

cav sin –> nasociliary nerve –> ciliary ganglion

Answer 6

short ciliary nerves, choroidal (vasoconstriction) + conj bv

Question 7

damage to cilairy ganglion causes

Answer 7

• numbness
• horner’s syndrome
• blown pupil
• lack of acc
• damage NT in ganglia (only parasympathetic involved –> dilated pupil)

Question 8

sympathetic innervation

ciliary muscle

Answer 8

inhibition of acc

-no clinical significance

Question 9

agonist

Answer 9

replicates the action of the neurotransmitter

Question 10

lacrimal gland (preganglion) parasympathetic

Answer 10

CN& nucleus (pons) –> travel w/ facial nerve –> geniculate ganglion (sensory) –> greater petrosal nerve –> vidian nerve –> pterygopalatine ganglion –> synaose

Question 11

lacrimal gland (preganglion) sympathetic

Answer 11

T1-T3 spinal –> superior cervical ganglia –>

Question 12

what is the preganglionic pathway in the parasympathetic pathway

Answer 12

cn3 –SOF–> inferior division –> ciliary ganglion–> synapse –>

Question 13

cav sin –> oculomotor cn3 –>

Answer 13

superior branch cn3 –> muller muscle –> widening of palpebral fissure

Question 14

clinical correlate: hippus (pupillary unrest)

Answer 14

sympathetic + parasympathetic balancing out

-causes pupil to continuously move slightly

Question 15

abberent regeneration tonic pupil

Answer 15

accommodative fibers can grow to the sphincter

Question 16

indirect acting agonist

adrenergic agonist

Answer 16

aka sympathomimetics

• hydroxyamphetamine
• cocaine
• pupil dilation

Question 17

what is the central pathway in the parasympathetic pathway

Answer 17

hypothalamus –> midbrain (ew-nucleus- cn 3)

Question 18

autonomic lacrimal innervation parasympathetic

Answer 18

increase lacrimal secretion

Question 19

pupil dilation

Answer 19

phenylephrine: direct acting on dilator muscle
tropicamide: dilation, pupil not to constrict

Question 20

adrenergic antagonist

Answer 20

aka sympatholytic
dapiprazole
reversal of mydriasis from phenylephrine

Question 21

where do the sympathetic and parasympathetic join in autonomic pathway to the lacrimal gland

Answer 21

vidian nerve

Question 22

what two sections does the cav sin break into

Answer 22

ophthalmic nerve + oculomotor cn 3

Question 23

what is the post- ganglion pathway in the sympathetic pathway

Answer 23

-internal carotid artery plexus –> carotid canal –> cav sin

Question 24

autonomic lacrimal innervation sympathetic

Answer 24

constricting blood vessels –> decrease gland secretion

Question 25

cholinergic -->

Answer 25

acetylcholine

Question 26

parasympathetic innervation ciliary muscle

Answer 26

accommodation - 97%

Question 27

clinical correlate: corneal reflex - afferent

Answer 27

cn5 --> afferent | -senses something on cornea via nasociliary branch

Question 28

what is a tonic pupil

Answer 28

pupil doesn't constrict well, inability to acc (same fibers)

Question 29

direct acting agonist

Answer 29

acts directly at the receptor site

Question 30

what does the sympathetic pathway supply

Answer 30

- iris (dilator + sphincter) - cb - muller muscle - lacrimal gland - blood vessels (choroid, conj)

Question 31

what is the pre-ganglion pathway in the sympathetic pathway

Answer 31

- sympathetic chain ganglion (on either side) | - superior cervical ganglion --> synpase

Question 32

sympathetic innervation muler muscle

Answer 32

raising of eyelid, widening of palpebral fissure

Question 33

ciliary ganglion sensory pathway

Answer 33

--> passes through (opp direction) --> nasociliary nerve --> v1 --> trigeminal

Question 34

indirect acting agonist cholinergic agonist

Answer 34

aka parasympathomimetics physostigmine -pupil constriction + acc

Question 35

cav sin --> nasociliary nerve -->

Answer 35

long ciliary nerve + ciliary ganglion

Question 36

what is the postganglionic pathway in the parasympathetic pathway

Answer 36

short ciliary nerves --> iris sphincter, cb

Question 37

cav sin --> nasociliary nerve --> long ciliary nerve

Answer 37

iris (dilation) , ciliary body (non- inhibitory non-clinical)

Question 38

adrenergic -->

Answer 38

norepinephrine

Question 39

where is the ciliary ganglion located

Answer 39

within the muscle cone between optic nerve and LR muscle | - 1 cm anterior to the optic canal

Question 40

sympathetic post-ganglionic fibers release

Answer 40

norepinephrine (adrenergic)

Question 41

sympathetic innervation choroidal vasculature

Answer 41

vasoconstriction

Question 42

cholinergic antagonist

Answer 42

aka parasympatholytic atropine, tropicamide, cyclopentolate -pupil dilation + inhibition of acc

Question 43

cav sin --> ophthalmic nerve -->

Answer 43

long ciliary + ciliary ganglion

Question 44

indirect acting agonist

Answer 44

causes release of NT or prevents removal of NT from synapse

Question 45

post- ganglion lacrimal gland pathway parasympathetic

Answer 45

travels w/ maxillary nerve --> follows zygomatic branch --> communicating branch --> lacrimal nerve

Question 46

antagonist

Answer 46

block the receptor sites or the release of the neurotransmitter

Question 47

ciliary ganglion parasympathetic pathway

Answer 47

--> synapse --> sphincter --> CB

Question 48

sympathetic innervation | iris dilator

Answer 48

dilation

Question 49

what is the central pathway in the sympathetic pathway

Answer 49

hypothalamus --> brainstem --> spinal cord (T1-T3) -->synapse

Question 50

direct acting agonist adrenergic agonist aka sympathomimetics

Answer 50

phenylephrine, epinephrine, | pupil dilation

Question 51

what does abberent regeneration in tonic pupil cause

Answer 51

constriction w/ near target (+acc) | - no response to light

Question 52

clinical correlate: corneal reflex - efferent

Answer 52

cn7--> efferent - closes the eye, blink - increases lacrimation - miosis

Question 53

parasympathetic pre-ganglionic fibers release

Answer 53

acetylcholine (cholinergic)

Question 54

parasympathetic post-ganglionic fibers release

Answer 54

acetylcholine (cholinergic)

Question 55

tonic pupil happens bc

Answer 55

issue w/ postganglionic system (suprachoroidal space, rd surgery, idiopathic)

Question 56

sympathetic preganglionic gibers release

Answer 56

acetylcholine (cholinergic)