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Visual System Anatomy > Skull, Orbital Bones, CT > Flashcards

Skull, Orbital Bones, CT Flashcards

(97 cards)

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1
Q

where is the anterior and posterior crest of lacrimal sac fossa

A

anterior: maxillary bone
posterior: lacrimal bone

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2
Q

where is the inferior orbital fissure located

A

lateral wall + floor

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3
Q

what bones make up the middle cranial fossa

A

temporal bones

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4
Q

what goes through the foramen spinosum

A

middle meningeal artery

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5
Q

which wall of the orbit is the strongest

A

lateral wall

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6
Q

what stabilize the muscle + prevents overaction of muscles

A

muscle pulley/check ligament

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7
Q

what houses the pituitary gland

A

sella turcica

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8
Q

what does V1 go through

A

superior orbital fissure

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9
Q

what is the optic canal

A

transmits the ON and ophthalmic artery

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10
Q

what bones make up the lateral wall

A

zygomatic (anterior), greater wing of sphenoid body (posterior)

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11
Q

what bones make up the roof of the orbital wall

A

frontal bone + lesser wing of the sphenoid bone

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12
Q

what holds the sinuses

A

ethmoid air cells

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13
Q

what is the orbital plate

A

medial orbit; holds the orbit on both sides

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14
Q

what cells lighten the skull

A

ethmoid air cells

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15
Q

where do tears drain from the eye

A

fossa of lacrimal sac

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16
Q

what is continuous w/ periorbita at margins of orbit

A

orbital septum

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17
Q

what is the thinnest bone

A

ethmoid orbital plate (lamina papyrace)

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18
Q

tenons capsule

A

surrounds the globe, barrier to infection from globe/eyeball

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19
Q

what makes up the medial portion of orbit

A

ethmoid bone

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20
Q

what provides communication between pterygopalatine/ temporal fossa and orbit

A

inferior orbital fissure

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21
Q

what bones make up the medial wall of the orbit

A

frontal process of maxilla, lacrimal bone, orbital plate of the ethmoid bone

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22
Q

placement of visual evoked potential electrodes (VEP):

A

3 cm above inion, measures electrical potential made by the visual system to ensure info is getting to occipital lobe

-used for VAs or if someone faking VFL

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23
Q

frontal sinus

A

above the eyes in frontal bone

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24
Q

what makes up the body central portion of brain

A

sphenoid body

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25
what makes up the posterior fossa
occipital lobe + cerebellum
26
foramen magnum
the hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes.
27
what forms the posterior fossa
occipital bone
28
what drains the tears into the nose
nasolacrimal canal - located in lower portion
29
how can there be an infection in ethmoid
bacteria can eat through bone into orbit
30
what goes through the SOF above the CTR
lacrimal nerve, frontal nerve, trochlear nerve, superior ophthalmic vein --> drains globe
31
what does the infraorbital canal open into
infraorbital foramen
32
supraorbital notch
vessels + nerves pass through
33
what are the landmarks of the orbital roof
lacrimal gland fossa, trochlea, supraorbital notch, supratrochlear notch
34
ethmoid sinus
medial to eyeballs, thinnest
35
what is the most posterior portion of the medial wall
body of the sphenoid bone, next to optic canal
36
orbital fat
adipose tissue fills in the rest of orbit
37
maxillary sinus
inferior eyes, largest, trauma to eye will blow out orbital floor + bone, tissue, muscles can enter the sinus
38
what is the attachment for EOMs to eye
tenons capsule
39
common tendinous ring and oculomotor foramen
circular and of CT, origin of all 4 rectus muscles
40
what supplies circulation to globe + surroundings
ophthalmic artery
41
what goes through the SOF
everything in cav sin (CN5 (V1), 4, 6)
42
what forms the sella turcica
sphenoid body
43
anterior + superior skull
frontal bone
44
what are sinuses
air filled cavities within four of the bones surrounding the orbit
45
orbital CT
lines, separates + anchors orbital structure
46
what is the majority of the medial wall
orbital plate of the ethmoid bone
47
side portion of head
parietal bones
48
what is the SOF between
lateral wall + roof
49
where is the greater wings of the sphenoid located
more laterally
50
CN6 palsy with papilledema
increase in ICP pushes down on brainstem, stretching CN6 @ 90 degree turn --> papilledema + double vision
51
what does a blow fracture cause
numbness of upper cheek (V2), diplopia, swelling, ecchymosis (bruise)
52
inion
external occipital protuberance
53
what does CN6 pass
goes over the petrous portion of temporal bone
54
where is a blow out fracture located and why
inferior floor of orbit | due to the groove, canal foramen
55
what are the landmarks of the lateral wall
SOF, IOfissure,
56
what is the SOF formed by
gap between greater + lesser wings of the sphenoid
57
what foramens are in the greater wings
foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum
58
what is behind the orbital plate of ethmoid bone
ethmoid bone + nose
59
through SOF and CTR
oculomotor nerve, nasocilliary nerve, abducens nerve
60
orbital cellulitis
infection of orbit due to thin walls of ethmoid sinuses or eyelids, fungal infections. most severe (eats through bone), once in orbit there is a direct pathway via fissure to the brain
61
where is the infraorbital canal located
within the infraorbital in the maxilla
62
what portion of the temporal bone is more anterior
squamous portion; makes up most of the lateral portion
63
suspensory ligament of lockwood
holds up orbit (hammock) inferiorly, CT between 2 muscles
64
what are the landmarks of the orbit floor
IOfissue, IOgroove, IOforamen
65
periorbita
thickens posteriorly to form CTR
66
dimensions of orbital margins
2cm horizontal, 3.5 cm vertical, 4.5 cm depth
67
what goes through the foramen ovale
mandibular branch (CN5) V2
68
what is the CT between conj + episclera
tenons capsule
69
where is the lesser wing located
anterior + superior, smaller
70
preseptal cellulitis
in front of septum, not as serious, protected from brain, usually from a hordeolum, eyelid infection, usually goes away or can burst inside of eyelid --> treat w/ oral abx
71
what goes through the foramen rotundum
maxillary nerve (CN5) V3
72
what is the SOF formed by
gap between the greater and lesser wing
73
what is between the body and lesser wing
optic foramen/canal
74
what are all the orbital bones and how many of each
frontal, maxillary (2), zygomatic (2), sphenoid, ethmoid, lacrimal (2), palatine (2)
75
orbital septum
- 360 degree from rim of orbit to tarsal plate - keeps orbital fat in place - prevents infection from eyelids back
76
what separates the lateral wall and floor of orbit
inferior orbital fissure
77
what is the optic canal formed by
hole between body + lesser wing
78
what covers the bone
periorbita
79
what bones make up the floor of the orbit
maxillary (main, medial) , zygomatic (lateral), palatine (posterior)
80
maxilla location
medial wall but continuation from the floor
81
supratrochlear notch
nerves + vessels pass through
82
sphenoid sinus
- medial + posterior to eyeballs - within body of sphenoid, can surround the optic canal - close to many structures - pituitary gland
83
what carries nerves + blood to bone
periorbita
84
where oes the infraorbital nerve (branch of maxillary nerve V2) exit the orbit?
infraorbital foramen
85
what is trochlea
u- shaped cartilage which anchors SO muscle
86
what forms the anterior cranial fossa
frontal bone; where front of brain sits
87
paranasal sinuses location
on all sides besides lateral sides
88
what goes through the optic canal + CTR
optic nerve, ophthalmic artery
89
where is the fossa for lacrimal gland located
roof laterally
90
petrous portion of the temporal bone does what
houses most of middle + inner ear system
91
what do olfactory nerves go through
horizontal cribriform plate- olfactory nerves come through here + go to brain
92
lateral portion of brain
temporal bones
93
connection of muscle onto bone
muscle pulley/check ligament
94
what is the optic foramen
opening to the optic canal
95
through inferior orbital fissure below the CTR
infraorbital nerve (CN5 sensory), infraorbital artery, inferior ophthalmic vein
96
where does the ON exit the orbit
optic foramen
97
what are the symptoms of orbital cellulitis
proptosis, diplopia (muscles), fever, *unique to orbital (not seen w/ preseptal)

Visual System Anatomy (10 decks)

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