Ocular Circulation Flashcards
1
Q
where does the cav sin extend from
A
superior orbital fissure to the petrous portion of the temporal bone
2
Q
where does the dorsonasal artery exit
A
orbital septum
3
Q
Parotid lymph nodes
Drains:
A
Lateral aspect of the lids, lateral canthus, lacrimal gland
4
Q
what does the circle of zinn do
A
encircles the ON at the choroid (pial vessels anastomose as well)
-zinn might not be complete
5
Q
what is the terminal branch to the medial canthus is called
A
angular artery
6
Q
what is the CRA surrounded by
A
sympathetic nerve plexus
7
Q
where does the facial artery branch
A
at the angle of the mandible
8
Q
what does the maxillary artery pass through
A
infratemporal fossa and then move upwards towards the maxillary bone
9
Q
what do the common carotid artery branch into
A
internal + external
10
Q
what runs superior to the EOMs
A
supraorbital artery
11
Q
what is the superior ophthalmic vein formed by
A
formed by the joining of the angular vein and supraorbital vein
12
Q
what does the supratrochlear profuse
A
forehead skin, scalp and muscles of the forehead
13
Q
what does the CRV drain
A
blood from the retina
14
Q
lymphatic drainage - are there lymph vessels in the globe
A
no
15
Q
what does the dorsonasal artery supply
A
lacrimal sac
16
Q
retinal blood flow
A
autoregulated, low blood flow, CRA profuses the inner retina
17
Q
what are the terminal branches of the ophthalmic artert
A
supratrochlear + dorsonasal arteries
18
Q
branches of the lacrimal artery
A
- recurrent meningeal artery: passes back into the cranium
- Zygomaticofacial artery
- Zygomaticotemporal artery
- Lateral palpebral arteries: superior and inferior
19
Q
what does the long posterior ciliary arteries supply
A
supply the uvea including the major circle of the iris
20
Q
what does the supraorbital artery exit through
A
supraorbital notch/ foramen
21
Q
what does the inferior ophthalmic vein drain
A
blood from the inferior and lateral EOMs, lacrimal sac
22
Q
what is a branch of the cilioretinal artery
A
a branch of the short posterior ciliary artery
23
Q
what do the medial palpebral artery branch from
A
ophthalmic artery or the dorsonasal artery
24
Q
anterior ciliary arteries supply
A
rectus muscles
25
what are the branches are the superficial temporal artery
anterior temporal artery, zygomatic artery, transervse facial artery
26
what provides small branches to the ON and pia mater
CRA
27
the lacrimal artery runs parallel to the ____ along the top of the ___
the lacrimal artery runs parallel to the lacrimal nerve along the top of the LR
28
what are the branches of the external carotid artery
facial, maxillary, superficial temporal artery
29
what does the anterior ciliary veins drain
blood from the conj capillaries
30
what does the internal carotid enter the skull through
carotid artery
31
CRV leaves the ON at
about 10-12mm behind the lamina cribrosa parallel to the CRA
32
what does the short posterior ciliary arteries profuse
choroid
33
what do the long posterior ciliary arteries anastomose with
anterior ciliary artery
34
what does the superior ophthalmic vein exit the orbit through
superior orbital fissure
35
what does the anterior ciliary arteries anastomose with
long posterior ciliary arteries to form the major circle of the iris
36
what nerves surround the ophthalmic artery
network of sympathetic nerves
37
what is giant cell arteritis
inflammation of the superficial temporal artery and posterior ciliary arteries, vertebral arteries, aorta
- can cause irreversible blindness
38
what does the infraorbital veins enter what
infraorbital foramen and canal parallel to the infraorbital artery
39
the cilioretinal artery is a branch of the ___ or the
short ciliary arteries, circle of zinn
40
what is the ICA constantly surrounded by
the sympathetic plexus
41
The optic nerve lies where in relation to the ICA
MEDIAL
42
cavernous sinus thrombosis
typically from a spreading ENT infection
43
what does the lacrimal artery supply nutrients to
lacrimal gland, LR, SR, lateral palpebral arteries
44
what do the posterior ethmoid artery passes through
posterior ethmoid canal
45
what is the lateral palpebral branch from
lacrimal artery
46
what does the maxillary artery run along
pterygopalatine fossa
47
what forms the radial vessels in the iris
major circle of the iris
48
what does the long posterior ciliary arteries run betwen
sclera and the choroid (in the suprachoroidal space) to the anterior globe
49
what does the anterior ciliary follow
the anterior ciliary artery, pierces the sclera,
50
where do the long posterior ciliary arteries enter
enter nasal and temporal to the ON in the posterior pole
51
vasodilation mainly caused by
nitric oxide
52
the supratrochlear artery is a terminal branch of the
ophthalmic artery
53
what does the supraorbital artery anastomoses with what
supratrochlear artery, anterior temporal artery ( from external carotid)
54
what does the supratrochlear artery anastomse with
supraorbital artery and the anterior temporal artery (from external carotid artery)
55
what is the first major branch of the ICA
ophthalmic artery
| -branches from ICA after exiting the cav sin
56
what is the anterior ciliary arteries form
a network of perfusion to the conj, episclera, uvea
57
what do short posterior ciliary arteries do
form the circle of zinn
58
submandibular lymph nodes Drains:
Medial aspects of the lids, medial canthus, lacrimal sac
59
what does the infraorbital vein drain into
pterygoid venous plexus
60
What bony canal does the ophthalmic artery run through
The optic canal
61
what does the supratrochlear artery exit
orbital septum
62
how is the cav sin formed
splitting of the dura mater on each side of the sphenoid bone
63
what is the circular artery located in the
ciliary stroma near the iris root
64
where does the inferior ophthalmic vein begin
floor of the orbit
65
what does the supraorbital artery profuse
SR, SO, levator, periorbita
66
where are the vortex veins lcoated
each quadrant of the retina
67
what does the superficial temporal artery perfuse
adjacent to the orbit
68
SVP
spontaneous venous pulsation
69
what is the maxillary artery called with it is in the orbit
infraorbital artery
70
what do the long posterior ciliary arteries anastomose with to perfuse the ciliary body and anterior choroid
short posterior ciliary arteries
71
inferior vortex veins -->
inferior ophthalmic vein --> cav sin or pterygoid plexus
72
what does the infraorbital artery supply
IR and IO
73
anterior ethmoid artery passes through
anterior ethmoid canal
74
what does the maxillary artery enter the orbit through
inferior orbital fissure
75
what is the circle of the iris made of
long posterior ciliary arteries
76
what does the infraorbital veins
drains the face
77
what does medial palpebral artery anastomose with
branches of the lacrimal artery to form the palpebral arcades
78
what does the posterior ethmoid artery supply
posterior ethmoid sinus, sphenoid sinus, upper nasal mucosa
79
supraorbital and angular veins; superior vortex veins and CRV -->
superior ophthalmic vein --> cav sin
80
the CRA pierces the ___ slightly __ and the branches into the retina
the CRA pierces the lamina cribrosa slightly nasally and the branches into the retina
81
what does the CRV join
superior ophthalmic vein or drains directly into the cav sin
82
short posterior ciliary arteries enter what
the sclera in a ring around the ON
83
what does the transverse facial artery anastomose with
infraorbital artery
84
what does the facial artery profuse
lacrimal sac, medial part of the lower lid, skin of the cheek
85
what does the anterior ethmoid artery supply
anterior and middle ethmoid sinus, sphenoid sinus, frontal sinus, nasal cavity and skin of the nose
86
what does the facial artery anastamose with
infraorbital artery or the dorsonasal artery
87
what are the branches of the ophthalmic artery
- Central retinal artery (CRA)
- Lacrimal artery
- Ciliary arteries : long posterior, short posterior, anterior
- Ethmoid arteries
- Supraorbital artery
- Muscular arteries
- Medial palpebral arteries
88
what does the infraorbital artery pass through
infraorbital canal and exits the infraorbital foramen
89
carotid-cavernous sinus fistual (CCF)
- Abnormal communication between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus typically caused by an artery tear
- Now, the arterial pressure can be transferred to the venous system
- Causes decreased ocular perfusion
90
what does the medial (inferior) muscular arteries supply
MR, IR, IO
91
the ophthalmic artery enters the ______ within the _____ of the ___
the ophthalmic artery enters the optic canal within the dural sheath of the ON
92
transverse facial artery perfuses
the skin of the cheek
93
what does the facial artery pass through
ascends across the cheek and along the side of the nose
94
what does the cav sin drain into
superior and inferior petrosal sinuses and ultimately jugular ein
95
what does the superior ophthalmic vein drain
superior and medial EOMs, lacrimal vein (lacrimal gland), CRV, muscular vein
96
the superficial temporal artery is
a terminal branch
97
what are the ophthalmic veins
superior (large), inferior (small) ophthalmic veins drain into the cav sin
98
the orbit has how many ophthalmic arteries/vein
1 ophthalmic artery
| 2 ophthalmic vein
99
what does the sympathetic plexus arise from
arises from the superior cervical ganglion
100
what do the right common carotid branch from
brachiocephalic artery
101
choroidal blood flow
autonomic intervention, high blood pressure, perfuses the outer retina
102
what does the zygomatic artery perfuse
obicularis muscle
103
what does the anterior temporal artery anastomose with
supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries
104
what does the lateral (superior) muscular arteries supply
LR, SR, SO
105
where do the vortex vein exit the globe
~6mm posterior to the equator
106
collateral
abnormal- new vessels runs lateral
107
what does the anterior ciliary veins join
the muscular veins ( which drains into the superior ophthalmic veins)
108
what does the infraorbital artery run along in the orbit
infraorbital groove in the maxillary bone
109
what is the main blood supply to the globe and adnexa
the ophthalmic artery
110
the opthalmic artery runs medially to the ____
nasociliary nerve
111
what does the dorsonasal artery anastomose with
angular artery (from external carotid artery)
112
what does the maxillary artery perfuse
lower eyelid, lacrimal sac + EOMs: IR, IO, upper jaw
113
anterior temporal artery perfuse
the skin and forehead muscles
114
ophthalmic artery pathway
optic canal --> dural sheath --> (sympathetic nerves surround) --> crosses the ON --> runs medially w/ the nasociliary nerve --> moves anteriorally/forward between MR and SO --> many branches
115
what is the first and smallest branch of the ophthalmic artery
CRA
116
the left common carotid branches from the
aorta
117
where do the anterior ciliary arteries enter
pierce the sclera just outer to the limbus
118
what muscles does the ophthalmic artery move in between
moves anterially/forward between the MR and SO
119
what does the ICA leave the canal and enters the
cavernous sinus
120
what passes through the cav sin
all EOMS and ICA
121
vortex veins drains
choroid
122
what does the supratrochlear artery run parallel to
supratrochlear nerve
123
what does the superior ophthalmic vein run parallel to
ophthalmic artery
124
within the ______ , the ICA runs adjacent to the ____
within the cav sin the ICA runs adjacent to the abducens nerve
125
veins in the orbit have no
valves
126
what does the medial palpebral artery perfuse what
superior and inferior eyelids
127
how does the CRA enter the ON
enters the meningeal sheath of the ON about 10-12mm behind the globe
128
what does the inferior ophthalmic drain into
cavernous sinus or the pterygoid venous plexus
