Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Nervous System

Answer 1

a highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 2

PNS
nervous system that itsn’t brain and spinal cord
contains autonomic nervous system

Question 3

Motor Efferents

Answer 3

motor neurons

Question 4

Autonomic Motor Neurons

Answer 4

Motor neurons that move without our own input

Question 5

Somatic Motor Neurons

Answer 5

Voluntary motor neurons

Question 6

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 6

SANS
best known for fight or flight
dilates pupils, inhibits salvation, relaxes airways, constrict blood vessels, accelerates heartbeat, stimulate sweat production, stimulates glucose production, stimulates secretion of norepinephrine and epinephrine, inhibits voiding(pooping), stimulates ejaculation, stimulates orgasm, piloerection

Question 7

Enteric Nervous System

Answer 7

ENS
intestinal walls, helps to digest food via peristalsis

Question 8

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 8

PANS
best known for rest and digest
constricts pupils, stimulates salivation, constricts airways, slows heartbeat, stimulates bile release and digestion, stimulates secretion, promotes voiding, and stimulates erection.

Question 9

Organisation of SANS

Answer 9

Has segmental chain ganglia due to somites
no axons from brain or cervical/sacral spinal cord (all centre based)
three midline ganglia
short preganglionic and long post ganglionic nerves

Question 10

Ganglion

Answer 10

a group of neuron cell bodies

Question 11

Somites

Answer 11

precursor populations of cells that give rise to important structures associated with the vertebrate body plan and will eventually differentiate into dermis, skeletal muscle, cartilage, tendons, and vertebrae

Question 12

Organisations of PANS

Answer 12

Output in cranial nerves and sacral spinal cord (end areas of stem)
no segmental ganglia
ganglia close to targets
long pre ganglionic and short post ganglionic nerves

Question 13

Sympathetic NTs

Answer 13

Usually neuroepinephrine, sometimes ACh (used in sweat glands due to late developmental switch

Question 14

Parasympathetic NTs

Answer 14

ACh

Question 15

Sympathetic Neuromodulators

Answer 15

Enkephalin, ATP, Na, Neuropeptide Y, Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, somatostatin

Question 16

Parasympathetic Neuromodulators

Answer 16

ACh, Vasoactive Intenstinal Polypeptide, NO, ATP, Neuropeptide Y, Dynorphin, Somatostatin

Question 17

Hyperhidrosis

Answer 17

Sweating a lot
sympathetic chain may be cut or injected with botulinum toxin to treat

Question 18

Superior Cervical Ganglion

Answer 18

Sympathetic ganglion connected to head

Question 19

Middle Cervical and stellate ganglia

Answer 19

Sympathatic ganglia connected to heart and lungs

Question 20

Pre-vertebral ganglia

Answer 20

sympathetic ganglia connected to abdominal and pelvic organs

Question 21

Parasympathetic Cranial Nerves

Answer 21

III Oculomotor
VII Facial
IX Glossopharyngeal
X Vagus

Question 22

III Oculomotor

Answer 22

iris control

Question 23

VII Facial

Answer 23

tear and salivary glands

Question 24

IX Glossopharyngeal

Answer 24

parotid salivary gland

Question 25

X Vagus

Answer 25

heart, lungs, and viscera

Question 26

Iris Control

Answer 26

Superior cervical ganglion of sympathetic dilates cillary ganglion of parasympathetic constricts

Question 27

Sympathomimetic drugs

Answer 27

Amphetamines Dilate pupils

Question 28

Horner's Syndrome

Answer 28

Tumour at apex of lung leads to Ptosis, Miosis, Anhydrosis, and Hyperemia

Question 29

Ptosis

Answer 29

droppy eyelids

Question 30

Miosis

Answer 30

constricted pupils

Question 31

anhydrosis

Answer 31

can't sweat

Question 32

Hyperemia

Answer 32

flushed skin

Question 33

Lacrimation

Answer 33

Tears controlled via VII facial nerve

Question 34

Pterygopalatine ganglion

Answer 34

part of parasympathetic facial nerve VII regulates secretions of the lacrimal gland and nasal mucosa

Question 35

Submandibular

Answer 35

part of parasympathetic facial nerve VII submandibular ganglion regulates secretions of submandibular and sublingual gland

Question 36

Glossopharyngeal nerve IX

Answer 36

otic ganglion for parotid gland - controls salivary secretion

Question 37

Heart rate

Answer 37

driven by CNS; when heart rate increases force of contraction and electrical conductance increase aswell

Question 38

Bronchodilation

Answer 38

Bronchodilators are a type of medication that make breathing easier, relax lung muscles which are constricted by PANS

Question 39

Danger response

Answer 39

PANS Danger goes to spinal cord to greater sphanchnic nerve which is stimulates via adrenal medulla = adrenaline release

Question 40

Chromaffin cells and SANS neurons

Answer 40

common developmental origin so they both are adrenal glands

Question 41

Sympathomimetic actions during flight/fight

Answer 41

Pupils dilate via alpha1 Heart rate increases via beta1 Blood vessels contract by Peripheral vasoconstriction (alpha) and muscles vasodilation (beta2) Kidney secrete renin via beta2 Lungs dilate via beta2 Glycogenolysis (beta2 and alpha) Gluconeogenesis(beta 2 and alpha) lipolysis beta 2 and 3 (maybe) saliva secretion via alpha gi tract decreases in motility beta2 and sphincters contract via alpha

Question 42

Baroreflex

Answer 42

maintains blood pressure

Question 43

Mictrurition reflex

Answer 43

pissing

Question 44

Male genital reflexes

Answer 44

Erection is PANS and ejaculation is SANA

Question 45

Defecation reflex

Answer 45

shitting

Question 46

Peristalsis

Answer 46

Food in gut leads to serotonin release that stimulates the submucosal plexus that stimulates myenteric plexus = digestion

Question 47

Megacolon

Answer 47

Defective nerve plexus due to hirschpring's disease or congenital megacolon - looks very grpss