Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

What type of muscles does the autonomic system innervate?

Answer 1

Smooth muscles and Glands

Question 2

Is the ANS voluntary?

Answer 2

No

Question 3

How many neuron synapses does the ANS have? The Somatic Nervous System?

Answer 3

2 (disynaptic) and 1 (monosynaptic)

Question 4

Does the ANS innervate with ganglia?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

What neurotransmitter does the ANS use?

Answer 5

Acetyl Choline and Norepinephrine

Question 6

Can the ANS be excitatory?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

Can the ANS be inhibitory?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

Can the somatic nervous system be excitatory?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

Can the somatic nervous system be inhibitory?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

How myelinated is the ANS?

Answer 10

There is little to no myelination

Question 11

How myelinated is the somatic nervous system?

Answer 11

It is heavily myelinated

Question 12

What does the term preganglionic mean?

Answer 12

When referring to the ANS it means the part of the neve that is between the brain and the ganglion

Question 13

What does the term postganglionic mean

Answer 13

When referring to the ANS it means the part of the nerve that is between the ganglion and the effector organ

Question 14

What are some effects of the activation of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 14

Increase metabolism
Vasodilation - skeletal muscles
Vasoconstriction - skin, reproductive, digestive
Pupil dilation
Increase heart rate
Bronchodilation

Question 15

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 15

The fight or flight response

Question 16

What can happen to one prevertebral neuron?

Answer 16

It can diverge and go to many different organs

Question 17

What is another name for the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 17

The thoracolumbar system

Question 18

What vertebrae does the sympathetic nervous system originate from?

Answer 18

T1-L2/3

Question 19

What is longer in the sympathetic nervous system pre or post-vertebral neurons?

Answer 19

Postvertebral neurons are longer in the sympathetic nervous system

Question 20

What is the sympathetic chain ganglia?

Answer 20

A chain of ganglia that lies very close to the spine that works in the sympathetic nervous system

Question 21

When norepinephrine binds to an alpha receptor on smooth muscle it has what effect?

Answer 21

Excitation

Question 22

When norepinephrine binds to a beta receptor on smooth muscle it has what effect?

Answer 22

Inhibition

Question 23

When norepinephrine binds to an alpha receptor in glands it has what effect?

Answer 23

Inhibition

Question 24

When norepinephrine binds to a beta receptor in glands it has what effect?

Answer 24

No effect

Question 25

When norepinephrine binds to an alpha receptor on cardiac muscle it has what effect?

Answer 25

No effect

Question 26

When norepinephrine binds to a beta receptor on cardiac muscle it has what effect?

Answer 26

Excitation

Question 27

What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 27

They control baseline functions - resting and digesting

Question 28

What is another name for the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 28

The craniosacral nervous system

Question 29

What neurotransmitter does the parasympathetic nervous system use?

Answer 29

Only Ach

Question 30

What is longer in the parasympathetic nervous system prevertebral or postvertebral neurons?

Answer 30

Prevertebral neurons are longer

Question 31

What does the parasympathetic nervous system innervate?

Answer 31

Smooth muscle and glands in the head Viscera Reproductive machinery

Question 32

What does the parasympathetic nervous system NOT innervate?

Answer 32

Circular smooth muscle (except in repro) Circular smooth muscle in skin

Question 33

How does divergence in the parasympathetic nervous system compare to divergence in the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 33

There is much less divergence in the parasympathetic nervous system

Question 34

What is a nicotinic receptor?

Answer 34

A receptor that binds to Ach and is found on the cell bodies of all neurons located in the autonomic ganglia - when Ach binds it is always excitatory

Question 35

What is a muscarinic receptor?

Answer 35

A type of receptor located on all parasympathetic effector organs that responds to Ach

Question 36

How many types of muscarinic receptors are there?

Answer 36

6

Question 37

What do medications that effect the parasympathetic nervous system target?

Answer 37

muscarinic receptors

Question 38

What are the two types of receptors in the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 38

Muscarinic and Nicotinic

Question 39

What are the two types of receptors in the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 39

Alpha and Beta

Question 40

What part of the central nervous system has the most control of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 40

The hypothalamus

Question 41

What is the difference between dual innervation and single innervation?

Answer 41

Dual innervation is when effector organs are innervated by both the parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system (the heart) - Single innervation is when the effector organ is innervated by only one of the two (vessels)

Question 42

What is the function of a sympathomimetic?

Answer 42

To mimic the effect of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 43

What is the function of a parasympathomimetic?

Answer 43

To mimic the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system

Question 44

What is the function of a sympathetic blocker?

Answer 44

To block norepinephrine and prevent the sympathetic nervous system from working

Question 45

What is the function of a parasympathetic blocker?

Answer 45

To block Ach and prevent the parasympathetic nervous system from working.

Question 46

Can medication have both sympathomimetic and parasympathetic blocking abilities?

Answer 46

Yes, when a strong reaction is wanted