The Heart Flashcards
(35 cards)
What is pericardial effusion?
Accumulation of fluid that puts pressure on the heart
What are the three layers of the heart wall?
Epicardium (outermost), myocardium (middle), and endocardium (innermost)
What is the fibrous skeleton of the heart
A layer of connective tissue around the ventricles that separates the heart into functional groups (right/left, atrium/ventricle)
What separates the atria?
The interatrial membrane
What are the auricles? What is their function?
They are like little flaps that increase the volume of the atrium
What separates the ventricles?
The interventricular septum
What are the three major sulci in the heart?
The coronary sulcus (horizontal), the anterior interventricular sulcus (vertical-front), and the posterior interventricular sulcus (vertical-back)
What is the pneumonic for oxygenation state of the heart
LORD –> Left Oxygenated, Right Deoxygenated
What is the function of valves?
They prevent backflow of blood and keep it moving in the same direction
What three veins enter into the right atrium?
The superior and inferior vena cava along with the coronary sinus
starting at blood entering the heart, what is the cycle of blood through the body?
Blood enters the left atrium through the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus –> Blood goes through the tricuspid –> Blood enters the left ventricle –> Goes through the pulmonary semilunar –> into the pulmonary trunk –> Gets oxygenated in the lungs –> Enters the right atrium from pulmonary veins –> Moves through the bicuspid valves –> Enters right ventricle –> Goes through aortic semilunar –> Enters aorta –> Goes around body –> back to heart
Where does pulmonary circulation start? Where does it end?
It starts at the right ventricle and ends in the left atrium
Where does systemic circulation start? Where does it end?
It starts at the left ventricle and ends at the right atrium
What are the chordae tendineae?
They are the heartstrings that attach to the papillary muscle to prevent the tricuspid and bicuspid valves from opening into the atrium
When is the first heart sound heard?
After ventricular systole when the blood rushes back to the AV valves and they close
When is the second heart sound heard?
After ventricular diastole when the blood rushes back to close the SL valves
What is valvular stenosis? How can you identify it?
When the valve doesn’t open completely causes a murmur to be heard when the valve opens
What is valvular incompetency? How is it identified?
It occurs when the valve does not close completely causing a murmur to be heard when the valve is supposed to close
Where do the coronary arteries arise?
The base of the aorta right past the aortic SL valve
Where do the coronary arteries travel?
Between the right atrium and right ventricle inside the coronary sulcus then to the back of the heart in the posterior interventricular sulcus
What does the right coronary artery split into?
Right coronary artery and the posterior interventricular artery
What does the left coronary artery split into?
The anterior interventricular artery and the circumflex artery
What are the four cardiac veins?
Great, middle, and small cardiac veins, and coronary sinus
What does the great cardiac vein run with?
Both branches of the left coronary artery (Circumflex and anterior descending artery)
