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Anaphy Finals > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

-Controls cardiac and smooth muscles and glands
-Controls involuntary responses
-Helps maintain homeostasis
-Primarily innervates

A

Autonomic nervous system

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2
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system

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3
Q

Associated with fight or flight responses

A

Sympathetic nervous system

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4
Q

Associated with rest and digest responses

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

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5
Q

Most organs receive what type of innervation

A

Dual innervation from both divisions

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6
Q

Responds to a threat to our homeostasis or enables survival

A

Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

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7
Q

What are the responses of the sympathetic nervous system (5) examples

A

1.Increases oxygen delivered to skeletal muscle
2.Increases sweating
3.Blood is shifted away from the digestive system and toward skeletal muscle
4.Pupils dilate
5.brain becomes alert

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8
Q

Preganglionic cell bodies in thoracic and lumber regions of spinal cord

A

Sympathetic pathways

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9
Q

Where are the Synapse with postganglionic neurons cell bodies located in?

A

Sympathetic chain ganglia

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10
Q

How many Ganglia are next located to vertebral column

A

23

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11
Q

Short preganglionic axons project through __________ and ___________

A

White rami communicantes and can synapse

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12
Q

Short preganglionic axons project through White rami communicantes and can synapse are found at these 3.

A

At the ganglion at the same level
At a more Superior or inferior ganglion
At prevertebral ganglia or the adrenal medulla

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13
Q

Long postganglionic axons project to _________ through ______________

A

Target effector
Gray rami communicantes

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14
Q

Helps regulate activities in abdominal organs and is located in anterior vertebral column

A

Collateral Ganglia

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15
Q

What is part of the collateral Ganglia?
(3)

A

Celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and inferior mesenteric ganglion

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16
Q

The sympathetic pathways is also called as the

A

Thoracolumbar system

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17
Q

What is the other name for collateral ganglia

A

Prevertebral ganglia

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18
Q

The collateral ganglia is also part of the _____________________

A

Enteric nervous system

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19
Q

Where does the collateral ganglia receive input from?

A

Splanchnic nerves and central sympathetic neurons

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20
Q

What is in the lateral horn of the thoracic or lumbar region in the spinal cord

A

Cell body of the Preganglionic neurons

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21
Q

What are the neurotransmitters of the sympathetic nervous system

A

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine

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22
Q

This Neurotransmitter is Used at the synapse of the sympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic neurons

A

Acetylcholine

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23
Q

Released by postganglionic neurons onto the target cells

A

Norepinephrine

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24
Q

Activation of the sympathetic NS can cause ________ in the _________

A

hormone release
adrenal medulla

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25
What is the other name for epinephrine
Adrenaline
26
What is the other name for norepinephrine
Noradrenaline
27
Where does the Pre ganglionic axons terminate -no ganglion involved
adrenal medulla
28
____________ releases hormones directly into the blood
Postganglionic neurons
29
-Activates when the body is not stressed or under a threat -Controls rest and digest
Parasympathetic Division of the Autonomic nervous system
30
What activities are under the parasympathetic division? (6)
Salivation Lacrimation Urination Digestion Defacation Sexual arousal
31
Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons located brain stem and sacral spinal cord
Parasympathetic pathways
32
The parasympathetic pathways is also called as the
Craniosacral system
33
Long preganglionic neurons project to effector through _________ and ________
Cranial nerves and spinal nerves
34
Synapse with post ganglionic cell bodies near or in effector are located in the ______________
Terminal or intramural ganglia
35
______________ projects to the target organ
Short postganglionic axons
36
Preganglionic axons in _______ project to ciliary ganglion; post ganglionic neurons then control iris
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
37
Preganglionic axons in _________ project to pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia to control production of saliva, mucus and tears -innervates two of the 3 salivary gland pairs
Facial nerve (CN VII)
38
Preganglionic axons of _________ project to otic nucleus to control saliva production -innervates only one pair of salivary glands
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
39
Preganglionic nerves project through ___________ to innervate organs in thoracic,abdominal and pelvic cavities
Vagus nerves (CN X)
40
Pre ganglionic axons mix with __________ In plexuses
Sympathetic postganglionic axons
41
Preganglionic axons from __________ form pelvic splanchnic nerves
Sacral region
42
In the Parasympathetic nervous system the Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons are located in__________ and _______
Brain stem and sacral spinal cord
43
_____________ project to ganglia near or within target organ
Long preganglionic axons
44
____________ synapse with cells in target organ
Short postganglionic axons
45
What are the neurotransmitters of the parasympathetic nervous system
Acetylcholine
46
Is released by pre ganglionic and post ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system
Acetylcholine
47
What are the synapses of the autonomic nervous system?
Cholinergic synapses Adrenergic synapses
48
Acetylcholine is neurotransmitter released
Cholinergic synapses
49
Norepinephrine is neurotransmitter released
Adrenergic synapses
50
What are the types of cholinergic receptors
Nicotinic receptors Muscarinic receptors
51
Endogenous ligand-acetylcholine Exogeneous ligand-nicotine Chemically gated ion channels
Nicotinic receptors
52
-Endogenous ligand-acetylcholine -Exogenous ligand- muscarine -Triggers changes in cells without allowing ions to pass through membrane
Muscarinic receptors
53
Depolarizes the postsynaptic cell causing contraction or a new action potential
Nicotinic receptors
54
Can have excitory or inhibitory effects but is not an ion channel so does not directly affect membrane potential
Muscarinic receptors
55
Is located at the adrenal medulla , all skeletal neuromuscular junctions postganglionic throughout the ANS, some CNS synapses
Nicotinic receptors
56
Is located at All target tissues of the parasympathetic nervous system
Muscarinic receptors
57
Types of adrenergic receptors
Alpha adrenergic receptors and Beta adrenergic receptors
58
Location and function of alpha 1 receptor
Located in skin, GI and pelic organs, blood vessels Smooth muscle contraction, causes arrector pili muscle to tense and causes vasoconstriction in muscles
59
Location and function of alpha 2 receptor
Pancreas, Platelets and CNS Inhibits insulin release and promotes blood clotting
60
Location and function of Beta 1 receptor
Heart and kidney Increases heart rate, force of contraction, and secretion of Renin
61
Location and function of Beta 2 receptor
Blood vessels (select locations), lungs, uterus, stomach, and intestines Causes relaxation and dilation of blood vessels that lead to the heart skeletal muscle and liver, causes relaxation of the bronchioles in the lungs and causes intestine and stomach to relax and expand
62
Location and function of Beta 3 receptor
Adipose tissue Stimulate breakdown of lipids
63
What is used in cholinergic synapses
Acetylcholine
64
______ and _______ are used in adrenergic synapses
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
65
Helps maintain internal homeostasis
Autonomic reflexes
66
Autonomic reflexes are important in maintaining parameters like these 4 examples
Blood pressure Heart rate Airway diameter Digestive activity
67
Affector Branch is a _________
Single neuron
68
Sensory info comes from ______,_______ and ________
Somatic, special senses and viscera
69
Some ______ sensations are not consciously received
Visual
70
Efferent branch is _______
Two neurons
71
Pre ganglionic neuron synapses with a ____________ in a ganglion
Postganglionic neuron
72
Projects to Target tissue in the efferent branch
Postganglionic neuron
73
are the combinations of sympathetic and parasympathetic axons
Autonomic plexuses
74
What are the 4 types of autonomic plexuses
Cardiac plexus Pulmonary plexus Esophageal plexus Abdominal aortic plexus
75
The abdominal plexus has 4 subdivisions what are these?
Celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric and hypogastric plexuses
76
Both divisions of the autonomic nervous system innervates most organs Wich is called?
Dual innervation
77
What organs receive only sympathetic innervation
Blood vessels,sweat glands and arrector pili muscle
78
Lower heart rate, increased GI activity, pupil dilation, airway constriction and decreased breathing rate
Parasympathetic dominance
79
Increases heart rate, decreased GI activity, pupil constriction, decreased breathing rate
Sympathetic dominance
80
It is the balance between parasympathetic and sympathetic dominance when an organ Is at rest -different for each organ
Autonomic tone
81
Dominates the heart at rest Lowers heart rate to normal range
Parasympsthetic tone
82
Dominates blood vessels at rest Adjust constriction of vessels to maintain blood pressure
Sympathetic tone
83
It's aim is to I crease the neutrients and deliver more blood to the head and muscle
Autonomic nervous system's response to stress
84
Stress response results in these 4 examples
1.Lipid breakdown and increased blood glucose 2.airway dilation for increased oxygen in blood 3.increased blood flow to skeletal muscles; decreased blood flow to viscera 4.higher blood pressure to increase speed of delivery to brain and muscles
85
This also helps in stress response
Endocrine hormones

Anaphy Finals (8 decks)

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