Autonomic Nervous System

Question 0

What mediates the fight or flight response?

Answer 0

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 1

What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 1

Sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric

Question 2

What mediates the rest and digest response?

Answer 2

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 3

What is the effect of the SNS on the eyes?

Answer 3

Pupil dilation - increased acuity

Question 4

What is the effect of the SNS on the skin?

Answer 4

Vasoconstriction (skin appear pale), hair stand on end, sweaty

Question 5

What is the effect of the SNS on the heart?

Answer 5

Increased heart rate, increased cardiac output

Question 6

What is the effect of the SNS on the lungs?

Answer 6

Bronchodilation - max air exchange

Question 7

What is the effect of the SNS on the gastrointestinal tract?

Answer 7

Decreased motility

Question 8

What is the effect of the SNS on the kidneys?

Answer 8

Constrict renal vessels, decrease urine production

Question 9

What is the effect of the SNS on the liver?

Answer 9

Glycogen breakdown, increased availability of glucose

Question 10

What is the effect of the SNS on the reproductive organs?

Answer 10

Ejaculation

Question 11

What is the effect of the SNS on the adrenal glands?

Answer 11

Adrenaline release

Question 12

What is the basic plan of the ANS?

Answer 12

Preganglionic neuron (in spinal cord), ganglion, post ganglionic neuron

Question 13

What type of neuron, pre or post ganglionic, is characterized by myelinated axons and fast conductance?

Answer 13

Preganglionic neuron

Question 14

What type of neuron, pre or post ganglionic, is characterized by unmyelinated axons and slow conductance?

Answer 14

Post ganglionic neurons

Question 15

A collection of nerve bodies located outside the CNS describes what?

Answer 15

Ganglion

Question 16

Collections of neurons running together associated with glia and often blood vessels describes what?

Answer 16

Nerve

Question 17

Preganglionic cell bodies of the SNS are found at what spinal cord levels?

Answer 17

T1-L2

Question 18

Afferent sensory information returns through which part of the spinal column?

Answer 18

Dorsal horns

Question 19

Efferent information goes out through which part of the spinal column?

Answer 19

Ventral horns

Question 20

Sympathetic Preganglionic cell bodies are found in what structure?

Answer 20

IML (T1-L2)

Question 21

What is a bilateral continuous formation of paravertebral sympathetic ganglia that runs along both sides of the whole spinal cord?

Answer 21

Sympathetic chain

Question 22

Preganglionic neurons travel through what structure to relay information from the CNS to the sympathetic chain?

Answer 22

White ramus communicans

Question 23

What structure relays info from post ganglionic neurons in the sympathetic trunk to the target organ?

Answer 23

Grey ramus communicans

Question 24

What is the basic anatomy of the SNS?

Answer 24

Thoraco-lumbar origins, short Preganglionic neuron, long post ganglionic neuron

Question 25

What are three possible targets of sympathetics in the body wall and limbs?

Answer 25

Peripheral arteries, sweat glands, hair follicles

Question 26

What run the entire length of the spinal cord, are unmyelinated post ganglionic sympathetic neurons and connect from sympathetic chain ganglia back to spinal nerves?

Answer 26

Gray ramus communicans

Question 27

What are limited to thoraco-lumbar distribution, myelinated Preganglionic sympathetic neurons and connect from spinal nerves to sympathetic chain ganglia?

Answer 27

White ramus communicans

Question 28

What is the top ganglion in the sympathetic chain?

Answer 28

Superior cervical ganglion

Question 29

Sympathetics follow what artery to reach the eye and sweat glands in the head?

Answer 29

Carotid artery (carotid periarterial plexus)

Question 30

To reach the thoracic viscera post ganglionic sympathetic fibers travel through what nerves?

Answer 30

Short cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves

Question 31

Preganglionic sympathetic neurons to what region don't synapse in the sympathetic chain?

Answer 31

Abdominal viscera

Question 32

Preganglionic sympathetic neurons to the abdominal viscera that follow branches of the abdominal aorta to their targets are known as what?

Answer 32

Long abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 33

What sympathetic ganglion supplies the liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas and spleen?

Answer 33

Celiac ganglion

Question 34

What sympathetic ganglion supplies the kidney and suprarenal (adrenal) gland?

Answer 34

Aorticorenal ganglion

Question 35

What sympathetic ganglion supplies the small intestine and the proximal part of the large intestine?

Answer 35

Superior mesenteric ganglion

Question 36

What sympathetic ganglion supplies the penis/clitoris, bladder, gonad, distal part of large intestine, rectum and internal anal sphincter?

Answer 36

Inferior mesenteric ganglion

Question 37

What are the names of the prevertebral (preaortal) ganglia?

Answer 37

Celiac, aorticorenal, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric

Question 38

What is the Preganglionic sympathetic nerve that travels to the celiac ganglia?

Answer 38

Greater splanchnic nerve

Question 39

What is the Preganglionic sympathetic nerve that travels to the superior mesenteric ganglia?

Answer 39

Lesser splanchnic nerve

Question 40

What is the Preganglionic sympathetic nerve that travels to the inferior mesenteric ganglia?

Answer 40

Lumbar splanchnic nerve

Question 41

What is the Preganglionic sympathetic nerve that travels to the aorticorenal ganglia?

Answer 41

Lesser and least splanchnic nerve

Question 42

Sympathetic innervation of what organ does not require a post ganglionic neuron?

Answer 42

Adrenal (suprarenal) glands

Question 43

In the adrenal (suprarenal) glands what are analogous to post ganglionic sympathetics?

Answer 43

Chromaffin cells

Question 44

What release epinephrine into the blood stream, contain no axons but do contain secretory granules?

Answer 44

Chromaffin cells

Question 45

What is essentially a large and specialized prevertebral sympathetic ganglion?

Answer 45

Adrenals/suprarenals

Question 46

Steroids are found within what structure of the adrenal gland?

Answer 46

Cortex

Question 47

Epinephrine is found within what structure of the adrenal glands?

Answer 47

Medulla

Question 48

What synapses on chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla?

Answer 48

Cholinergic Preganglionic terminals