Autonomic Nervous System II

Question 0

What are the affects of the parasympathetics on the heart?

Answer 0

Decreases rate and strength of cardiac contraction

Question 1

What are the affects of the parasympathetics on the eye?

Answer 1

Constricts pupil, accommodation - focusing close

Question 2

What are the affects of the parasympathetics on the lungs?

Answer 2

Bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretion

Question 3

What are the affects of the parasympathetics on the gastrointestinal tract?

Answer 3

Stimulates motility and secretion

Question 4

What are the affects of the parasympathetics on the bladder?

Answer 4

Facilitates urination

Question 5

What are the affects of the parasympathetics on the liver?

Answer 5

Promotes glycogen production, conservation and increased bile secretion

Question 6

What are the affects of the parasympathetics on the reproductive organs?

Answer 6

Increase blood flow to erectile tissues

Question 7

What two organs that were innervated by the sympathetic nervous system are not directly innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 7

Skin and adrenals

Question 8

What is the basic plan of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 8

Cranio-sacral origins, long Preganglionic neurons, short postganglionic neurons in or on target organs

Question 9

The sacral origins of the PNS are at what spinal cord levels?

Answer 9

S2-S4

Question 10

What are the 4 cranial nerves for parasympathetic outflow?

Answer 10

Oculomotor III, facial VII, glossopharyngeal IX, vagus X

Question 11

Parasympathetics synapse in what ganglion before continuing to the eye?

Answer 11

Ciliary ganglion

Question 12

The smooth muscle circular fibers of the eye ( sphincter papillae) contract to constrict the iris via what type of stimulation?

Answer 12

Parasympathetic CN III

Question 13

The smooth muscle radial fibers ( dilator pupillae) contract to dilate the iris via what type of stimulation?

Answer 13

Sympathetic

Question 14

Parasympathetics from the facial nerve VII traveling to the lacrimal gland, which induces tear production, synapse in what ganglia first?

Answer 14

Pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 15

Parasympathetics from the facial nerve VII to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands synapse in what ganglion before reaching their targets?

Answer 15

Submandibular ganglion

Question 16

Parasympathetics traveling on the glossopharyngeal nerve to the parotid and glands in the posterior tongue synapse in what ganglion before reaching their targets?

Answer 16

Otic ganglion

Question 17

Parasympathetics traveling in what nerve supply the thoracic and abdominal viscera?

Answer 17

Vagus

Question 18

Parasympathetics to the head neck and most of trunk is supplied by what?

Answer 18

Cranial nerves

Question 19

Parasympathetic innervation to the pelvic viscera and the reproductive organs is supplied by what?

Answer 19

Spinal cord level S2-S4

Question 20

What PNS nerve carries Preganglionic neurons to the penis/clitoris, bladder, small intestine and large intestine from left colic flexors to rectum?

Answer 20

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 21

Intrinsic neuronal control is exemplified by what?

Answer 21

Peristalsis

Question 22

Peristalsis is an example of what part of the ANS?

Answer 22

Enteric

Question 23

What depends on neuronal activity, little influence on activity if a segment of the gut is surgically dennervated, reflex is preserved in gut removed from the body, all the neurons for the reflex are contained within the wall of the gut?

Answer 23

Peristalsis

Question 24

A simple neuronal reflex consists of what?

Answer 24

Afferent sensory input, interneuron integration, efferent effector output

Question 25

A sensory neuron flanked by an excitatory motor neuron and an inhibitory motor neuron connected by interneurons describes what?

Answer 25

A simple model for peristalsis reflex

Question 26

What enteric nervous plexus is located between the longitudinal and smooth muscle of the GI tract?

Answer 26

Myenteric plexus

Question 27

What enteric neuronal plexus is located closest to the lumen of the GI tract?

Answer 27

Submucous plexus

Question 28

What plexus controls the longitudinal and circular muscles?

Answer 28

Myenteric plexus

Question 29

What has 100 million neurons ( as many as in the spinal cord), distributed along the entire length of the GI tract, and organized into ganglia?

Answer 29

ENS

Question 30

What is between the outer muscle layers and is mainly involved in motility?

Answer 30

Myenteric plexus

Question 31

What is located in the submucosa between the mucosa and muscle and is mainly involved in control of secretion?

Answer 31

Submucosal plexus

Question 32

What are the 2 main neuron shapes in the myenteric plexus?

Answer 32

Intrinsic sensory neurons and interneurons motorneurons

Question 33

What has few dendrites on cell body, little input from other neurons, many output processes, and a single input from mucosa?

Answer 33

Intrinsic sensory neuron

Question 34

What is the ratio of sensory neurons per mucosal villus?

Answer 34

1:1

Question 35

What has many dendrites (inputs from other neurons), single output axon?

Answer 35

Interneurons motorneurons

Question 36

Coordinated repeating and overlapping units is characteristic of what?

Answer 36

Peristalstic activity

Question 37

What has 100 million neurons, does fine local control, can't see big picture, reflexes triggered by local environment, neurons directly supply smooth muscle and glands?

Answer 37

Enteric nervous system

Question 38

What has 100,000 neurons, controlling mechanism regulates the hard wired ENS to the overall needs of the individual, coordinates motility between different regions of the gut, neurons mainly supply the ENS, generally doesn't micromanage motility and secretion, apart from reflexes such as vomiting and defacation?

Answer 38

SNS/PNS