Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

what are the 3 divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 1

1. sympathetic
2. parasympathetic
3. enteric

Question 2

what is the enteric nervous system?

Answer 2

network of neurons in the intestinal walls

Question 3

the autonomic nervous system is involved with ___ output

Answer 3

involuntary

Question 4

the main purpose of the sympathetic activation

Answer 4

fight/flight

Question 5

the main purpose of the parasympathetic activation

Answer 5

rest/digest

Question 6

t/f many organs do not have parasympathetic innervation

Answer 6

true

Question 7

list organs without parasympathetic innervation

Answer 7

arterioles and veins, skin, liver, kidney

Question 8

the cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic neurons are in the ___ and ___ regions of the spinal cord

Answer 8

thoracic and lumbar

Question 9

cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetic neurons are in the ____ and ___

Answer 9

sympathetic trunks; collateral ganglia

Question 10

what are the sympathetic trunks?

Answer 10

chains of ganglia

Question 11

what are the collateral ganglia?

Answer 11

cervical, celiac, and mesenteric

Question 12

adrenal gland is equivalent to __

Answer 12

sympathetic ganglion

Question 13

what is the adrenal gland?

Answer 13

important endocrine organ that secretes many hormones

Question 14

which part of the adrenal gland contains cells that are structurally similar to postganglionic sympathetic neurons?

Answer 14

adrenal medulla

Question 15

what makes the cells of the adrenal medulla similar to sympath.. postganglionic neurons?

Answer 15

release the same compounds (act on same receptors even though hormone vs NT)

Question 16

what NT are released by preganglionic sympathetic neurons? neurons?

Answer 16

acetylcholine acting on nicotinic receptors

Question 17

postganglionic sympathetic neuroma release what NT?

Answer 17

NE at synapse onto effector

Question 18

the adrenal medulla releases what NT?

Answer 18

epinephrine

Question 19

NE/E act on ___ receptors

Answer 19

alpha and beta adrenergic

Question 20

beta blockers are ___ antagonists that treat ___, __ and ___ (ex:___ )

Answer 20

beta adrenergic; arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, prevent myocardial infarction; propranolol

Question 21

cell bodies parasympathetic pregang neurons are in the __ and ___ regions of the SC

Answer 21

brain; sacral

Question 22

cell bodies of postgang parasympathetic neurons located

Answer 22

close or within target organ

Question 23

t/f there is parasympathetic innervation in the spleen

Answer 23

fals e

Question 24

preganglionic parasympathetic neurons release __

Answer 24

acetylcholine that act on nicotinic receptors on post

Question 25

postganglionic sympathetic neurons release __

Answer 25

acetylcholine at synapses to effectors

Question 26

effectors of parasympathetic innervation have ___ receptors

Answer 26

muscarinic

Question 27

what are muscarinic receptors?

Answer 27

GCPR that can activate or inhibit effector function

Question 28

give an example of a muscarinic antagonists

Answer 28

atropine; used as treatment for bradycardia and used for pulmonary dilation for exampinination

Question 29

give an example of muscarinic agonists

Answer 29

muscarine; used as treatment in glaucoma, slows heart rate

Question 30

what are autonomic reflexes?

Answer 30

involuntary response s of ANS to peripheral stimuli

Question 31

examples of peripheral stimuli for autonomic reflex

Answer 31

organ stretch and chemical composition of body fluids

Question 32

explain how an autonomic reflex happens

Answer 32

sensory receptor (interoceptor) activates interneurons in control centre in SC or brain stem, which activates preganglionic sympathetic or parasympathetic neutron

Question 33

what brain structure is primarily responsible for the regulation of the ANS?

Answer 33

hypothalamus

Question 34

most limbic input is sent to the __

Answer 34

hypothalamus