Renal 1: Glomerular Filtration

Question 1

the functional unit of the kidney where urine is formed

Answer 1

nephron

Question 2

urine is initially formed by filtration of ___

Answer 2

blood

Question 3

filtration occurs at the ___ due to ___ differences between urine and bloood

Answer 3

glomerulus; pressure

Question 4

the ___- is regulated to control the rate of urine production

Answer 4

GFR

Question 5

clearance is a measure of

Answer 5

how effectively a substance is removed from th eblood by the kidenys

Question 6

___ can be used to estimate GFR

Answer 6

clearance

Question 7

the human body is a ___ system (open / closed)

Answer 7

open

Question 8

the kidneys excrete ___, ___ and ___

Answer 8

water; electrolytes (Na, K, Cl, HCO3, H, Ca, P) and wastes

Question 9

the kidneys regulate body fluid ___, ___, ___ and ___

Answer 9

volume, composition, osmolarity, pH

Question 10

is water loss to the skin and lung regulated ?

Answer 10

no

Question 11

what are the 3 ways the body gains water?

Answer 11

metabolic water, ingested foods and ingested liquids

Question 12

blood enters the kidney by the __

Answer 12

renal artery

Question 13

blood exits the kidney by the __

Answer 13

renal vein

Question 14

urine exits the kidney by the ___

Answer 14

ureter

Question 15

urine is formed in the __

Answer 15

renal corpuscle

Question 16

t/f the urine has close contact with blood in the bowmans capsule / glomerulus

Answer 16

t

Question 17

what are the 3 layers of glomerular filtration barrier?

Answer 17

1. fenestration (pore) of the glomerular endothelial cell
2. basement membrane of glomerulus
3. slit membrane between pedicels

Question 18

substances are filtered on the basis of ___ and ___

Answer 18

size and charge

Question 19

what size passes best in filtration?

Answer 19

small

Question 20

what charge passes best in filtration?

Answer 20

positive

Question 21

podocytes are also known as ___ cells

Answer 21

mesengial

Question 22

t/f filtrate must pass through the barriers of the bowman/s capsule in series

Answer 22

true

Question 23

is the perfusion high or low in the glomerulus?

Answer 23

high

Question 24

RPF / RBF stand for

Answer 24

renal plasma flow and renal blood flow

Question 25

the filtration fraction

Answer 25

GFR over renal plasma flow

Question 26

__-% of what is filtered is reabsorbed

Answer 26

99

Question 27

___% of what is filtered is excreted

Answer 27

1

Question 28

what are the 4 pressures in the bowman's capsule (glomerulus) that contribut e tp net filtration pressure? Are these inward or outward?

Answer 28

1. glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure (out) 2. bowman's space hydrostatic pressure(in) 3. Plasma colloid osmotic pressure (in) 4. bowmans space colloid osmotic pressure (out)

Question 29

bowmans space colloid onconic pressure is __mmhG

Answer 29

0

Question 30

__- and __ are forces the favour filtration

Answer 30

1. glom capillary hydrostatic pressure | 2. bowman's space colloid osmotic pressure

Question 31

___ and ___ are forces that oppose filtration

Answer 31

bowmans space hydrostatic pressure | plasma colloid osmotic pressure

Question 32

what is the greatest filtration pressure?

Answer 32

glomerular hydrostatic pressure

Question 33

what are the effects on glomerular pressure and filtration rate if there is vasoconstriction of the segment before the glomerulus? (afferent)

Answer 33

both reduced due to lower blood flow

Question 34

what are the effects on glomerular pressure and filtration rate is there is vasoconstriction of the segment after the glomerulus? (efferent)

Answer 34

both increase due to reduced ability of blood to leave the glomerulus

Question 35

___ determines GFR, but ___ and ___ are constant during changes in blood pressure due to ___

Answer 35

PGC; GFR and RBF; autoregulation

Question 36

what are the 2 mechanisms for autoregulation?

Answer 36

1. myogenic mechanism | 2. tubulogenic feedback

Question 37

explain the process of myogenic mechanism

Answer 37

pressure increases --> raise RBF and GFR --> smooth muscle stretch --> smooth muscle cell contration --> increased afferent arteriole resistance --> decreased RBF and GFR

Question 38

in the tubulogenic mechanism of autoregulation, the ___ region of the distal tubule provides feedback to the glomerulus of the ___ nephron

Answer 38

macula densa; same

Question 39

the macula densa comes very close to the ___ of the same nephron

Answer 39

afferent arteriole

Question 40

describe the process of tubulogenic autoregulation

Answer 40

increased pressure --> increased GFr, RBF --> flow, NaCl sensed by the macula densa --> signal to the JgA --> increased afferent arteriole resistance --> decreased RBf and GFr

Question 41

chronic kidney disease affects __-% of canadians

Answer 41

12

Question 42

progressive loss of kidney function results in a decrease in ___

Answer 42

GFR

Question 43

t/f gfr is used to measure the health and function of kidney

Answer 43

t

Question 44

how do we calculate renal clearance?

Answer 44

Cx = concentration of X in urine x urine flow rate all divided by plasma x

Question 45

if Cx < GFR, X is __

Answer 45

reabsorbed

Question 46

if Cx > GFR, X is ___

Answer 46

excreted

Question 47

is there absorption or secretion of creatinine? what does this mean?

Answer 47

no; what is filtered is amount excreted (can measure function of GFR)

Question 48

how do we calculate CrCl (GFR)?

Answer 48

GFR = Ucr x volume of urine all divided by plasma cr

Question 49

normal creatinine clearance is

Answer 49

80-120 ml/min

Question 50

CLcr in renal disease is __

Answer 50

<60 ml/min

Question 51

CLcr in kidney failure is __

Answer 51

<15 ml/min