Autonomic Overview

Question 1

Parasympathetic characteristics 
(cholinergic)

Answer 1

long preganglion, short postganglion

CN III, VII, IX, X; 2nd and 3rd sacral

Muscarinic @ cardia, SM, glands, and nerve terminals

Question 2

Adrenal medulla and sweat glands

Answer 2

part of sympathetic system, but innervated by cholinergic fibers

Question 3

Sympathetic Characteristics

adrenergic

Answer 3

short preganglion, long postganglion

thoracolumbar ganglion

Question 4

Botulinum toxin

Answer 4

prevents rls of ACh at cholinergic terminals

Question 5

Nicotinic ACh receptors

Answer 5

ligand-gated Na/K channels

Nn: autonomic ganglia, adrenal medulla

Nm: NMJ of skeletal muscle

Question 6

Muscarinic ACh receptors

Answer 6

G-protein coupled, 5 subtypes

Question 7

a1

Answer 7

Gq

increases contraction of: vasc SM, pupillary dilator muscle, bladder sphincter muscle

Question 8

a2

Answer 8

Gi

decreases: sympathetic outflow, insulin release, lipolysis, aqueous humor production
increases: platelet aggregation

Question 9

b1

Answer 9

Gs

inc: HR, contractility, renin, lipolysis

Question 10

b2

Answer 10

Gs

inc: vasodilation, bronchodilation, lipolysis, insulin release, aqueous humor production, ciliary muscle relaxation
dec: uterine tone

Question 11

b3

Answer 11

Gs

inc: lipolysis, thermogenesis in Sk M

Question 12

M1

Answer 12

Gq

CNS, enteric nervous system

Question 13

M2

Answer 13

Gi

dec: HR, contractility of atria

Question 14

M3

Answer 14

Gq

inc: exocrine gland secretions, gut peristalsis, bladder contraction, bronchoconstriction, pupillary sphincter muscle contraction (miosis), ciliary muscle contraction (accommodation)

Question 15

D1

Answer 15

Gs

relaxes renal vasc SM

Question 16

D2

Answer 16

Gi

modulates transmitter rls, esp. in brain

Question 17

H1

Answer 17

Gq

inc: nasal and bronchial mucus production, vasc permeability, contraction of bronchioles, pruritus, pain

Question 18

H2

Answer 18

Gs

gastic acid secretion

Question 19

V1

Answer 19

Gq

inc vasc SM contraction

Question 20

V2

Answer 20

Gs

inc. H20 perm and reabsorp in collecting tubules of kidney

Question 21

Gq pathway

Answer 21

Gq –> Phospholipase C –> PIP2 –> DAG (Protein Kinase C) and IP2 (inc intracellular Ca2+ –> SM contraction)

Question 22

Gs pathway

Answer 22

Gs –> adenylyl cyclase –> cAMP –> Protein Kinase A (inc intracellular Ca in heart and inhibits myosin light chain kinase in SM)

Question 23

Gi pathway

Answer 23

Gi –X adenyl cyclase

Question 24

QutCies HAVe 1 M&M

Answer 24

Gq induces C thru H,A,V-1s, and M1 and M3

Question 25

inhibit MAD 2s

Answer 25

Gi induced by M, A, D-2s

Question 26

cholinergic axonic pathway

Answer 26

choline enters--> (choline acetyltransferase) Acetyl CoA + choline --> ACh in vesicle--> (Ca2+) ACh released

Question 27

hemicholinium

Answer 27

blocks choline from entering axon

Question 28

vesamicol

Answer 28

inhibits ACh entering vesicle

Question 29

Botulinum

Answer 29

preents ACh rls from axon

Question 30

AChE inhibitors

Answer 30

block dissociation from postsynaptic membrane/ ACh dissociation into Choline + Acetate

Question 31

noradrenergic negative feedback

Answer 31

release of norepi from sympathetic nerve ending is modulated by norepi itself, acting on presynaptic a2-autoreceptors

Question 32

Amphetamines at noradrenergic terminal

Answer 32

use NET to enter presynaptic terminal, where they utilize VMAT to enter neurosecretory vesicles, displacing NE from the vesicles. Once NE reaches a concentration threshold w/in presynaptic terminal, the action of NET is reversed, and NE is expelled into the synaptic cleft ----> characterisitics and effects of inc NE in pts taking amphetamines

Question 33

Phenylalaline to epinephrine

Answer 33

Phenylalanine --> (Phenylalanine Hydroxylase + BH4) Tyrosine --> (Tyrosine Hydroxylase + BH4) L-DOPA --> (DOPA decarboxylase + Vit B6) Dopamine --> (Dopamine B-hydroxylase + Vit C) Norepinephrine --> Epinephrine

Question 34

Metyrosine

Answer 34

inhibits tyrosine conversion to DOPA

Question 35

Reserpine

Answer 35

prevents Dopamine conversion to NE

Question 36

bretylium, guanethidine

Answer 36

inhibits NE rls from synapse

Question 37

amphetamine, ephedrine

Answer 37

stimulates NE rls from synapse

Question 38

Cocaine, TCA, amphetamine

Answer 38

inhibits NE reuptake to presynaptic terminal

Question 39

Tyramine degradation

Answer 39

normally degraded by MAO; (found in wines/cheese) HTN crisis in people taking MAOI