Avestan alphabet w audio

Question 1

𐬀

Answer 1

a /a/

Question 2

𐬁

Answer 2

ā /aː/

Question 3

𐬂

Answer 3

å /ɒ/

Question 4

𐬃

Answer 4

ā̊ /ɒː/

Question 5

𐬄

Answer 5

ą /ã/

Question 6

𐬅

Answer 6

ą̇ /ã/

Question 7

𐬆

Answer 7

ə /ə/

Replaces 𐬀 a when followed by final 𐬨 m or 𐬥 n. Words ending in 𐬭 r affix a final 𐬆.

Question 8

𐬇

Answer 8

ə̄ /əː/

final vowel or in combination 𐬇𐬎

Question 9

𐬈

Answer 9

e /e/

Question 10

𐬉

Answer 10

ē /eː/

final vowel in Gathas; combination 𐬀𐬉 aē

Question 11

𐬊

Answer 11

o /ɔ/

especially in combination 𐬀𐬊 ao

Question 12

𐬋

Answer 12

ō /oː/

Question 13

𐬌

Answer 13

i /ɪ/

Question 14

𐬍

Answer 14

ī /iː/

Question 15

𐬎

Answer 15

u /ʊ/

Question 16

𐬏

Answer 16

ū /uː/

Question 17

𐬐

Answer 17

k /k/

UA Gutteral

Question 18

𐬑

Answer 18

x /x/

A gutteral

Question 19

𐬒

Answer 19

x́ /ç/

A gutteral; It is used before the letter 𐬎𐬎

Question 20

𐬓

Answer 20

xᵛ /xʷ/

ligature

Question 21

𐬔

Answer 21

g /ɡ/

UA gutteral

Question 22

𐬕

Answer 22

ġ /ɡʲ/

ġ is seldom found in the manuscripts but relatively often in final -ə̄ṇġ, especially in the manuscripts S1 and J3. This suggests that ġ was implosive, like t̰, the only other final stop in Avestan.

Question 23

𐬖

Answer 23

ɣ /ɣ/

A gutteral

Question 24

𐬗

Answer 24

c /t͡ʃ/

UAsp palatal

Question 25

𐬘

Answer 25

j /d͡ʒ/ ## Footnote UAsp palatal

Question 26

𐬙

Answer 26

t /t/ ## Footnote UAsp dental; initial & medial

Question 27

𐬚

Answer 27

θ /θ/ ## Footnote Asp dental

Question 28

𐬛

Answer 28

d /d/ ## Footnote UAsp dental

Question 29

𐬜

Answer 29

ẟ /ð/ ## Footnote Asp dental

Question 30

𐬝

Answer 30

t̰ /t̚/ ## Footnote UAsp dental, word-final implosive or when followed by 𐬐 k or 𐬠 b

Question 31

𐬞

Answer 31

p /p/ ## Footnote UAsp labial

Question 32

𐬟

Answer 32

f /f/ ## Footnote Asp labial

Question 33

𐬠

Answer 33

b /b/ ## Footnote UAsp labial

Question 34

𐬡

Answer 34

β /β/ (Ger. w) ## Footnote bi-labial; Used for "v" sound when it follows 𐬜 δ and 𐬚 θ

Question 35

𐬢

Answer 35

ŋ /ŋ/ ## Footnote nasal

Question 36

𐬣

Answer 36

ŋ́ /ŋʲ/ ## Footnote nasal; Used when preceded by 𐬌 i

Question 37

𐬤

Answer 37

ŋv /ŋʷ/ ## Footnote labialized nasal

Question 38

𐬥

Answer 38

n /n/ ## Footnote nasal

Question 39

𐬦

Answer 39

ń /ɲ/ ## Footnote palatalized nasal

Question 40

𐬧

Answer 40

ṇ /ŋ/ ## Footnote uvular nasal; Used instead of 𐬥 n when followed by a gutteral or dental consonant.

Question 41

𐬨

Answer 41

m /m/ ## Footnote nasal

Question 42

𐬩

Answer 42

m̨ /m̥/ ## Footnote nasal (m + diacritic)

Question 43

𐬪

Answer 43

ẏ /j/

Question 44

𐬎𐬎

Answer 44

uu or y /uu̯/ ## Footnote semi-vowel / liquid; only medially

Question 45

𐬬

Answer 45

v /w/ ## Footnote semi-vowel liquid; only initially

Question 46

𐬭

Answer 46

r /r/ ## Footnote semi-vowel liquid

Question 47

𐬴

Answer 47

ṣ̌ /ʂ/ ## Footnote sibilant; initial and medial

Question 48

𐬯

Answer 48

s /s/ ## Footnote sibilant

Question 49

𐬰

Answer 49

z /z/ ## Footnote sibilant

Question 50

𐬱

Answer 50

š /ʃ/ ## Footnote sibilant; used when "sh" sound is (1) at the end of a word and (2) followed by 𐬗 c or 𐬙 t

Question 51

𐬲

Answer 51

ž /ʒ/ ## Footnote sibilant

Question 52

𐬳

Answer 52

š́ /ɕ/ ## Footnote sibilant; inital and medial, when followed by "y"

Question 53

𐬫

Answer 53

y /j/ ## Footnote semi-vowel liquid; initial only

Question 54

𐬵

Answer 54

h /h/ ## Footnote aspiration