axial and appendicular skeleton

Question 1

what are the 2 division which the skeletal system can be organized into

Answer 1

• axial skeleton

- appendicular skeleton

Question 2

what is the main function of the axial skeleton

Answer 2

form a framework that supports and protects the organs

Question 3

what does the spongy bone in the axial skeleton have

Answer 3

hemopoietic tissue responsible for blood formation

Question 4

what are 4 examples of bones of the axial skeleton

Answer 4

• skull
• vertebral column
• ribs
• sternum

Question 5

where can the bones of the axial skeleton be found

Answer 5

along the central axis of the body

Question 6

what are the 4 examples of the bones of the appendicular skeleton

Answer 6

• bones of the upper limbs
• bones of the lower limbs
• pectoral girdle
• pelvic girdle

Question 7

what are the 4 articulating surface markings

Answer 7

• condyle
• facet
• head
• trochlea

Question 8

describe a condyle surface marking

Answer 8

large, smooth, rounded, oval structure

Question 9

describe a facet surface marking

Answer 9

small, flat, shallow surface

Question 10

describe a head surface marking

Answer 10

prominent, rounded epiphysis

Question 11

describe a trochlea surface marking

Answer 11

smooth, grooved, pulleylike process

Question 12

what are the 3 depression surface markings

Answer 12

• alveolus
• fossa
• sulcus

Question 13

describe an alveolus surface marking

Answer 13

deep pit or socket in the maxillae or mandible

Question 14

describe a fossa surface marking

Answer 14

flattened or shallow depression

Question 15

describe a sulcus surface marking

Answer 15

narrow grove

Question 16

what are the 9 projections for tendon and ligament attachment surface markings

Answer 16

• crest
• epicondyle
• line
• process
• ramus
• spine
• trochanter
• tubercle
• tuberosity

Question 17

describe a crest surface marking

Answer 17

narrow, prominent, ridgelike projection

Question 18

describe an epicondyle surface marking

Answer 18

projection adjacent to a condyle

Question 19

describe a line surface marking

Answer 19

low ridge

Question 20

describe a process surface marking

Answer 20

any marked bony prominence

Question 21

describe a ramus surface marking

Answer 21

angular extension of a bone relative to the rest of the structure

Question 22

describe a spine surface marking

Answer 22

pointed, slender process

Question 23

describe a trochanter surface marking

Answer 23

massive, rough projection found only on the femur

Question 24

describe a tubercle surface marking

Answer 24

small, round, projection

Question 25

describe a tuberosity surface marking

Answer 25

large, rough projection

Question 26

what are the 5 openings and spaces surface markings

Answer 26

- canal - fissure - foramen - meatus - sinus

Question 27

describe a canal surface marking

Answer 27

passageway through a bone

Question 28

describe a fissure surface marking

Answer 28

narrow, slitlike opening through a bone

Question 29

describe a foramen surface marking

Answer 29

rounded passageway through a bone

Question 30

describe a meatus surface marking

Answer 30

passageway through a bone

Question 31

describe a sinus surface marking

Answer 31

cavity or hollow space in a bone

Question 32

what are the 2 types of bones of the skull

Answer 32

- cranial bones | - facial bones

Question 33

what do the cranial bones form

Answer 33

the rounded cranium

Question 34

what does the cranium surround and enclose

Answer 34

the brain

Question 35

how many bones does the cranium consist of

Answer 35

8

Question 36

what are the 2 parts of the cranium

Answer 36

roof and base

Question 37

what is the roof of the cranium called

Answer 37

calvaria

Question 38

what is the calvaria composed of (3)

Answer 38

- part of the frontal bone - the parietal bones - part of the occipital bone

Question 39

what is the base of the cranium composed of (4)

Answer 39

``` portions of the - ethmoid - sphenoid - occipital - temporal bones ```

Question 40

what do facial bones protect

Answer 40

entrances to the digestive and respiratory systems

Question 41

what do the facial bones give (5)

Answer 41

- shape and individuality of the face - form part of the orbit and nasal cavities - support the teeth - provide for the attachment of muscles involved in facial expression - mastication (chewing)

Question 42

how many facial bones are there

Answer 42

14

Question 43

what are the 14 facial bones

Answer 43

``` paired - zygomatic bones - lacrimal bones - nasal bones - inferior nasal conchae - palatine bones - maxillae unpaired - vomer - mandible ```

Question 44

what is the cranial cavity also known as

Answer 44

endocranium

Question 45

what does the endocranium do

Answer 45

encloses, protects and supports the brain

Question 46

what is the volume of an adult cranial cavity

Answer 46

- approx 1300 to 1500 cubic centimeters | - or about 50 fluid ounces