Axial Skeleton

Question 1

Axial skeleton is

Answer 1

vertebral column
skull & hyoid
ribs & sternum

Question 2

Appendicular skeleton is

Answer 2

fore & hind limbs

Question 3

Heterotropic/splanchnic skeleton

Answer 3

os penis

Question 4

Manubrium

Answer 4

1st sternal bone
S1
most cranial

Question 5

Xyphoid process

Answer 5

last sternal bone
S8
most caudal
cranial attachment of linea alba

Question 6

Body of sternum

Answer 6

S2-S7

Question 7

of rib pairs (dog & cat)

Answer 7

13
9 true
4 false

Question 8

True rib

Answer 8

articulated with sternum
1-9
sternal rib

Question 9

False rib

Answer 9

not articulated with sternum
10-12
13 (floating)
asternal rib

Question 10

Costal arch

Answer 10

cartilages of asternal ribs blended together

Question 11

Components of a rib

Answer 11

head
neck 
tubercle
body
costal cartilage (ventral)

Question 12

Costal cartilage

Answer 12

cartilaginous continuation of distal bony end of rib

Question 13

Costochondryl junction

Answer 13

connection between bone & cartilage of rib

Question 14

Dog vertebral formula

Answer 14

C7, T13, L7, S3, Cd20-23

Question 15

Sacrum

Answer 15

3 sacral vertebrae (fused)

Question 16

General # of vertebrae

Answer 16

~50

Question 17

Morphological groups of vertebrae

Answer 17

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
caudal

Question 18

Function of the vertebrae

Answer 18

protect spinal cord & nerves
attachment point for muscle
head support

Question 19

Components of a vertebra

Answer 19

spinous process
body 
transverse process
cranial articular process
caudal articular process
accessory process
mammillary process

Question 20

Intervertebral disc

Answer 20

(outer) fibrocartilage with (inner) gel-like nucleus pulpsous & surrounded by annulus fibrosus

Question 21

Function of intervertebral disc

Answer 21

absorb shock

allow some movement

Question 22

Flexion of vertebral column looks like

Answer 22

arched dorsally (cat pose)

Question 23

Extension of vertebral column looks like

Answer 23

arched ventrally (cow pose)

Question 24

Describe the atlas

Answer 24

C1
cranially articulates with occipital condyle of skull
flat transverse processes
caudally articulates with lateral & transverse foramen of C2 (axis)

Question 25

Describe the axis

Answer 25

C2 cranially articulates with dens/odontoid process (points cranially) tall dorsal spinous process transverse processes point caudally

Question 26

C3-C7

Answer 26

all similar C6 has large transverse processes C7 has tall spinous process

Question 27

Describe the thoracic vertebrae

Answer 27

``` first 9 similar, last 4 start looking lumbar tall spinous processes short vertebral bodies short & blunt transverse processes T12 & 13 are anticlinal vertebra ```

Question 28

Describe lumbar vertebrae

Answer 28

long bodies large transverse process (point cranially) short & wide spinous processes

Question 29

How many caudal vertebrae can you expect?

Answer 29

20-23 in dogs

Question 30

Anticlinal vertebrae

Answer 30

T12,13 | spinous processes point cranially instead of caudally