Terminology

Question 1

Axial Skeleton

Answer 1

Skull
Vertebral Column
Sternum
Ribs

Question 2

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 2

Fore & Hind Limbs

Question 3

Heterotrophic Skeleton

Answer 3

“Splanchnic”

Os penis/baculum

Question 4

Function of the Skeleton

Answer 4

Support
Movement
Protection
Storage
Haematopoesis

Question 5

Axial skeleton function

Answer 5

support & propulsion

Question 6

Appendicular skeleton function

Answer 6

propulsion, some support

Question 7

Cranial

Answer 7

toward head

Question 8

Caudal

Answer 8

toward tail

Question 9

Proximal

Answer 9

near main mass of structure

the attached end of a limb

Question 10

Ventral

Answer 10

toward ventrum (belly)

Question 11

Dorsal

Answer 11

toward dorm (back)
cranial of limbs

Question 12

Distal

Answer 12

away from main mass of structure
free end
digestive near anal

Question 13

Palmar

Answer 13

caudal aspect of forelimb below carpus (opposite dorsal)

Question 14

Plantar

Answer 14

caudal aspect of hindlimb below tarsus (opposite dorsal)

Question 15

Medial

Answer 15

toward median plane

Question 16

Lateral

Answer 16

away from median plane

Question 17

Axis

Answer 17

central line of body

in line with 2nd cervical vertebra

Question 18

Axial

Answer 18

toward plane of axis

Question 19

Abaxial

Answer 19

away from plane of axis

Question 20

Rostral

Answer 20

(head) toward nose

Question 21

Caudal (head)

Answer 21

(head) away from nose

Question 22

Mesial

Answer 22

(teeth) toward central line of front of mouth (toward rostral midline)

Question 23

Distal (head)

Answer 23

(teeth) away from the central line of the front of mouth (away from rostral midline)

Question 24

Buccal

Answer 24

(oral cavity) toward the cheek

Question 25

Lingual

Answer 25

(oral cavity) toward the tongue

Question 26

Palatal

Answer 26

(oral cavity) toward hard palate

Question 27

Oral

Answer 27

toward the mouth

Question 28

Aboral

Answer 28

away from the mouth

Question 29

Joint/articulation definition

Answer 29

a junction between two or more bones

Question 30

Groups/types of joints

Answer 30

Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial Fibro-cartilaginous

Question 31

Fibrous joint

Answer 31

dense connective tissue | little movement

Question 32

Cartilaginous joint

Answer 32

cartilage | some movement

Question 33

Synovial joint

Answer 33

joint cavity with synovial fluid | a lot of movement

Question 34

Menisci

Answer 34

``` fibrocartilage pad (cushion) within synovial joint to improve connection between bones assists movement ```

Question 35

Epiphysis

Answer 35

end of the bone

Question 36

Diaphysis

Answer 36

shaft of the bone

Question 37

Growth Plates

Answer 37

look like a joint/fracture on rads | endochondral ossification occurs here (cartilage->bone)

Question 38

Types of Synovial joint

Answer 38

*ball & socket *hinge plane *condylar pivot ellipsoidal saddle

Question 39

Example of a ball & socket joint

Answer 39

hip

Question 40

Example of a hinge joint

Answer 40

elbow

Question 41

Example of a condylar joint

Answer 41

stifle

Question 42

Protraction

Answer 42

cranial movement of limb

Question 43

Retraction

Answer 43

caudal movement of limb

Question 44

Flexion

Answer 44

bend limb/decrease angle of joint

Question 45

Extension

Answer 45

straighten limb/increase angle of joint

Question 46

Abduction

Answer 46

move limb away from body

Question 47

Adduction

Answer 47

move limb toward body

Question 48

Circumduction

Answer 48

move limb in circular motion

Question 49

Rotation

Answer 49

move limb around long axis

Question 50

Supination

Answer 50

lateral rotation so palmar/plantar is medial

Question 51

Pronation

Answer 51

medial rotation so palmar/plantar is down

Question 52

Flexure angle

Answer 52

orientation on joint where flexion occurs

Question 53

Origin

Answer 53

proximal/dorsal/cranial/central attachment point of a muscle

Question 54

Insertion

Answer 54

distal/ventral/caudal/peripheral attachment point of a muscle

Question 55

Agonist

Answer 55

induces a certain action

Question 56

Antagonist

Answer 56

induces an opposite movement than an agonist