Axial Skeleton Flashcards
What are the names of C1 and C2? and why?
Atlas and Axis, Atlas is the very top and allows for flexion and extension of skull, Axis is what allows for rotation of the skull
What are the five features of cervical vertebrae
bifid SP - allows for muscle attachment
large vertebral foramen - spinal cord
small vertebral body - not holding much up
transverse foramen - allows for blood vessels to brain
flat articular processes - slide past one another
What are the movements in the cervical region?
flexion, extension, rotation, side bending
What are the anterior muscles of cervical movement?
Sternocleidomastoid, Longus Capitus, Longus Colli, Scalenes
What are the origin, insertion and actions of Sternocleidomastoid
O - Manubrium of Sternum, medial part of clavicle
I - Mastoid process of temporal bone
A - If 1 - lateral flexion to same side and rotation to opposite side
- If both - neck flexion
What are the origin, insertion and actions of Longus Capitus?
O - Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
I - Base of occipital bone
A - if 1 - Lateral flexion and rotation to same side
if 2 - neck flexion
What are the origin, insertion and actions of Longus Colli?
O - anterior vertebral body of cervical vertebrae
I - Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
A - flex neck, rotation, stabilize
What are the origin, insertion and actions of Scalenes?
O - Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
I - Superior surface of first 2 ribs
A - elevates ribs, flexes neck
What are the parts of erector spinae?
Medial - spinalis
middle - longissimus
lateral - iliocostalis
Where is spinalis
most medial, connects spinus processes together
Where is longissimus?
middle of erector spinae, connects transverse processes together
Where is Ilicostalis
most lateral, has attachment on the ribs (costae)
What are the 5 features of thoracic vertebrae and what animal does it resemble?
- round vertebral foramen
- heart shaped vertebral body
- costal facets
- long slender spinus processes
- vertical articular facets that point anterior and posterior
Resembles the head of a giraffe
What are the 5 features of lumbar vertebrae and what animal does it resemble?
- triangular vertebral foramen
- oval vertebral body
- short transverse processes
- blunt, broad spinus processes
- vertical articular facets that point medial and lateral
Resembles head of a moose
What are the 5 features of the Sacram?
- broad superior base, apex is inferior
- Median sacral crest - were spinus process
- Sacral canal - terminal nerves
- Sacral foramen
- auricular surface - articulates with pelvic girdle
