Nervous system test #2

Question 1

What are peripheral nerves?

Answer 1

interconnecting branches of spinal nerves surrounded by connective tissue sheaths

Question 2

What is the peripheral distribution of spinal nerves? (3)

Answer 2

Spinal Nerves - intervertebral foramen where dorsal and ventral roots unite, branch and form pathways to destination
Motor Nerves - From ventral horn, exit via ventral root
Sensory nerves - From Dorsal horn, exit via dorsal root

Question 3

What are dermatomes?

Answer 3

Sensory regions of skin monitored by specific pairs of spinal nerves

Question 4

What are nerve plexuses?

Answer 4

Interwoven networks of nerve fibres from adjacent spinal nerves, control skeletal muscles of neck and limbs

Question 5

What does the cervical nerve plexus control?

Answer 5

Diaphragm, neck, shoulders

Question 6

What is the Phrenic nerve?

Answer 6

C3-C5, controls diaphragm

Question 7

What does the brachial nerve plexus control?

Answer 7

upper limbs

Question 8

What is the Musculocutaneous nerve?

Answer 8

C5-T1, flexors in arm - biceps brachii, brachial, coracobrachialis

Question 9

What is the Axillary nerve?

Answer 9

C5-C6, Deltoid, teres minor

Question 10

What is the Radial nerve?

Answer 10

C5-T1, extensors in arm - triceps brachii, ancones, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 11

What is the Median nerve?

Answer 11

C6-T1, arm flexors - flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, digital flexors
- pronator teres, pronator quadratus

Question 12

What is the Ulnar nerve

Answer 12

C8-T1, Flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus, adductor pollicis, intrinsic muscles of hand

Question 13

What is the lumbar plexus?

Answer 13

abdominal, gluteal

Question 14

What are the Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal nerves?

Answer 14

T12-L1, abdominal muscles

Question 15

What is the femoral nerve?

Answer 15

L2-L4, Quadriceps, Sartorius, Pectineus, Iliopsoas

Question 16

What is the obturator nerve?

Answer 16

L2-L4, adductor group - except pectinous
around obturator foramen

Question 17

What is the Sacral plexus?

Answer 17

Lower limb/pelvic floor

Question 18

What are the superior and inferior gluteal nerves?

Answer 18

L4-S2, Gluteal group - inferior supplies gluteus maximus

Question 19

What is the Siatic nerve?

Answer 19

L4-S3, hamstrings, adductor Magnus
Tibial - plantar flexors (except fibularis longus and brevis) and digital flexors
Fibular - tibialis anterior, fibularis longus and brevis, digital extensors

Question 20

What does the siatic nerve branch into?

Answer 20

Tibial nerve, Fibular nerve

Question 21

What are the classifications of cranial nerves? (4)

Answer 21

1. Sensory (touch, pressure, vibration ect.)
2. Special Sensory (sight, hearing, ect.)
3. Motor
4. Mixed

Question 22

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

Answer 22

Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory, Hypoglossal

Question 23

What is the mnemonic for names of cranial nerves?

Answer 23

Oh, Once One Takes The Anatomy Final Very Good Vacations Are Heavenly

Question 24

What is the mnemonic for functions of cranial nerves?

Answer 24

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More

Question 25

What is the difference between the pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit?

Answer 25

Pulmonary - carries blood to gas exchange at lungs
Systemic - carries blood to and from body

Question 26

What are the layers of the heart wall? (3)

Answer 26

Epicardium - (outer layer) visceral pericardium that covers heart
Myocardium - (middle layer) muscular wall of heart
Endocardium - (inner layer) endothelium

Question 27

What are the types of arteries? (3)

Answer 27

Elastic - large amounts of elastin, largest
Muscular - Smooth muscle, controlled by sympathetic NS
Arterioles - smallest branches of arteries

Question 28

What are the types of veins? (3)

Answer 28

Venule - collects blood from capillaries
Medium - closer to organs
Large - closer to heart

Question 29

What are the functions patterns of blood vessels? (3)

Answer 29

1. Peripheral arteries + vein distribution is the same on left + right except at heart
2. Same vessel may have different names at different locations
3. Tissues and organs usually have multiple arteries and veins.