Axial Skeleton

Question 1

What are the 4 components of the axial skeleton?

Answer 1

1. Skull
2. Vertebral Column
3. Ribs
4. Sternum

Question 2

3 segments of the trunk

Answer 2

1. Thorax
2. Abdomen
3. Pelvis

Question 3

borders of the trunk

Answer 3

Dorsal = vertebral column, mm.
Ventral = sernumn and abdominal mm.
Cranial = thoracic inlet/1st rib
Caudal = pelvic outlet

Question 4

5 Different Vertebrae

Answer 4

1. Cervical
2. Thoracic
3. Lumbar
4. Sacral
5. Caudal

Question 5

Main Functions of the Vertebral Column

Answer 5

posture, progression/locomotion, protection of the spinal cord

Question 6

Number of thoracic veterbrae in:
Dog/Cat/Horse/Cow/Pig

Answer 6

Dog/Cat/Cow = 13
Horse = 18
Pig = 14-15

Question 7

Number of lumbar veterbrae in:
Dog/Cat/Horse/Cow/Pig

Answer 7

Dog/Cat = 7
Horse/Cow = 6
Pig = 6-7

Question 8

Number of sacral veterbrae in:
Dog/Cat/Horse/Cow/Pig

Answer 8

Dog/Cat = 3
Horse/Cow = 5
Pig = 4

Question 9

Difference bewteen vertebral foramen and vertebral canal?

Answer 9

Foramen is through a single vertebra, canl is what all the vertebra together make

Question 10

Hemilaminectomy

Answer 10

slice to access the spinal cord [in necropsy]

Question 11

Two components of vertebral arch

Answer 11

Pedicle and Lamina

Question 12

Two Components of the Intervertebral Disk

Answer 12

1. Nucleus pulposus
2. Anulus fibrosis

Question 13

Nucleus pulposus

Answer 13

jelly-filled space of the intervertebral disk

Question 14

Anulus fibrosis

Answer 14

fibrous ring around the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disk

Question 15

Atlas

Answer 15

the first cervical vertebrae

Question 16

Atlantooccipital joint

Answer 16

where the atlas articulates with the skull

Question 17

What two parts of the typical vertebrae does the atlas not have?

Answer 17

vertebral body and spinous process

Question 18

Fovea dentis

Answer 18

present in the ventral aspect of the vertebral foramen

Question 19

What is blue?

Answer 19

the alar notch of the atlas

Question 20

What is the alar notch of the atlas called in large animals?

Answer 20

alar foramen

Question 21

Axis

Answer 21

second cervical vertebra

Question 22

Which vertebrae is the longest?

Answer 22

axis (C2)

Question 23

dens

Answer 23

tooth-like projection on the cranial aspect of the axis

Question 24

atlantoaxial joint

Answer 24

atlas-axis articulation

Question 25

Where do spinal nerves exit the vertebrae?

Answer 25

intervertebral foramen

Question 26

Plural of foramen

Answer 26

Foramena

Question 27

Anticlinal vertebrae

Answer 27

a radiographic landmark where a thoracic vertebrae has no integration in the spinous process Carnivores = T10 or 11 Bovine = T13 Equine = T16

Question 28

Costal fovea

Answer 28

located cranial and caudal where the thoracic vertebrae articulate with the ribs

Question 29

Are the sacrum individual vertebrae?

Answer 29

No, it's a fusion of vertebral bodies

Question 30

Function of the Sacrum

Answer 30

to articulate with the pelvis between the ilia

Question 31

Parts of the Nuchal ligament

Answer 31

Funicular and Laminar

Question 32

Supraspinous ligament

Answer 32

runs over the spinous processes of te thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and merges with the tendons of epaxial muscles

Question 33

Poll evil

Answer 33

bursitis of the supraatlantal bursa

Question 34

Fistulous withers

Answer 34

bursitis of the supraspinous bursa

Question 35

Interspinous ligaments

Answer 35

the ligaments that are between the spinous processes

Question 36

Longitudinal ligaments

Answer 36

hold the vertebral bodies on the dorsal and ventral surfaces from the axis (C2) to the sacrum

Question 37

True vs. False Ribs

Answer 37

True ribs directly articulate with the sternum False ribs form the costal arch and indirectly articulate with the sternum

Question 38

Costochondral junction

Answer 38

where the bony part meets the cartilagenous part of the rib

Question 39

3 parts of the Sternum

Answer 39

1. Manubrium 2. Sternabra 3. Xiphoid process

Question 40

Where does the linea alba attach cranially?

Answer 40

xiphoid process