Heart

Question 1

Where does the right side of the heart pump blood to?

Answer 1

Lungs via pulmonary trunk

Question 2

Which side of the heart is more cranial?

Answer 2

Right

Question 3

What chamber is at the apex of the heart?

Answer 3

Left ventricle

Question 4

How much of their blood can dogs pump through the heart in one minute? Horses? Humans?

Answer 4

Dogs = 80%
Horses = 100%
Humans = 60%

Question 5

Base of the heart

Answer 5

Dorsal, where all the thiings branch out from

Question 6

5 Layers of the Pericardium (from inside to outside)

Answer 6

1. Epicardium
2. Pericardial space
3. Parietal serous pericardium
4. Fibrous pericardium
5. Mediastinal pericardial pleura

Question 7

Sternopericardial ligament

Answer 7

part of fibrous pericardium that attaches heart to the sternum

Question 8

Phrenicopericardal ligament

Answer 8

Part of the fibrous pericardium that attaches to heart to the diaphragm

Question 9

Two Surfaces of the Heart

Answer 9

1. Auricular (left)
2. Atrial (right)

Question 10

Coronary groove

Answer 10

separates the atria from the ventricles

Question 11

Most muscular heart chamber?

Answer 11

Left ventricle

Question 12

Paraconal groove

Answer 12

splits ventricles on left side of heart

Question 13

Subsinousal groove

Answer 13

splits ventricles on right side of heart

Question 14

What three veins can drain directly into the right atrium?

Answer 14

Cranial vena cava, caudal vena cava, R azygous v.

Question 15

Coronary sinus

Answer 15

Expansion of the great cardiac v. just ventral to the caudal vena cava and drains the heart

Question 16

Intervenous tubercle

Answer 16

ridge in the right atrium that helps prevent turbulent flow from both vena cavae and directs it toward the atrioventricular opening

Question 17

Fossa ovalis

Answer 17

Depressed area in the right atrium just caudal to the intervenous tubercle

Question 18

What was the fossa ovalis in the fetal heart?

Answer 18

foramen ovale

Question 19

Crista terminalis

Answer 19

ridge tha splits the right atrium and the right auricle

Question 20

Pectinate muscles

Answer 20

muscles branching from the terminal crest into the auricle

Question 21

What else is an auricle called?

Answer 21

blind pouch

Question 22

Sinus venarum

Answer 22

the open space in the right atrium

Question 23

Septal scar

Answer 23

remnant of the valve of the foramen ovale visible in the left atrium

Question 24

Where does the left atrium get blood from?

Answer 24

pulmonary vv.

Question 25

Cardiac skeleton

Answer 25

rings at the base of the heart at the level of the coronary groove that serve as attachments for the myocardium and the cardiac valves

Question 26

Trigone

Answer 26

thickened area between the AV valves and/or the mitral and aortic valves

Question 27

Os cordis

Answer 27

boney cardiac skeleton in the ruminant

Question 28

Important function of the Cardiac Skeleton

Answer 28

eletrical barrier between the atria and the ventricles that allows the heart to contract in a rhythmic fashion

Question 29

Tricuspid valve

Answer 29

bewteen the right atrium and the right ventricle (right AV valve)

Question 30

Papillary muscles

Answer 30

muscles on the ventricular wall that sere as attachments for chordae tendinae

Question 31

Chordae tendinae

Answer 31

extend from papillary muscles in the ventricle to AV valve to prevent eversion ofthe cusps of the valve during systole aka heartstrings

Question 32

Trabeculae septomarginalis

Answer 32

aka moderator bands (can have one or multiple) extend from the ventricular wall to the septum to ensure ventricle will contract in unison

Question 33

Trabeculae carnae

Answer 33

muscles/holey appearance in lower part of the ventricle thought to reduce blood turbulence

Question 34

Mitral valve

Answer 34

valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

Question 35

Pulmonary valve

Answer 35

at the outflow of the right ventricle on the way to the lungs

Question 36

Aortic valve

Answer 36

at the outflow of the left ventricle into the aorta; has nodules at the margins of the cusps

Question 37

Main pacemaker of the heart?

Answer 37

Sinoatrial node (SA)

Question 38

Which contractions come first - atrial or ventricular?

Answer 38

Atrial

Question 39

How much blood does the heart receive from itself (%) and from where?

Answer 39

15% from the coronary arteries slightly distal to the aortic valve

Question 40

Left coronary artery

Answer 40

between the left auricle and pulmonary trunk

Question 41

2 Branches of the Left Coronary Artery

Answer 41

1. Paraconal interventriular branch 2. Left circumflex branch

Question 42

Species difference of the left circumflex branch

Answer 42

supplies the subsinuosal groove and artery in carnivores and ruminants

Question 43

Where will you find the openings for the coronary arteries?

Answer 43

aortic sinus

Question 44

Main blood supply for the subsinuosal artery in: dogs/ruminants? Horses and pigs?

Answer 44

Dogs/Ruminants: left circumflex branch Horses/Pigs: right circumflex branch

Question 45

Do the coronary arteries anastamose?

Answer 45

No

Question 46

sinus

Answer 46

expansion of a tube/extra space

Question 47

Where do you see the great cardiac vein?

Answer 47

running along your left circumflex branch, in the coronary groove

Question 48

Hardware disease

Answer 48

inflammation between the reticulum and the pericardial sac (reticulopericarditis)