Equine GI

Question 1

Are horses foregut or hindgut fermenters?

Answer 1

hindgut (cecum and large intestine)

Question 2

Why can’t a horse vomit?

Answer 2

very tight lower esophageal (cardiac) sphincter

Question 3

margo plicatus

Answer 3

separates glandular and non-glandular region of stomach

Question 4

3 zones of the glandular region of the stomach

Answer 4

1. Cardiac
2. Proper gastric
3. Pyloric

Question 5

omentum function

Answer 5

fat storage

Question 6

Length of small intestine?

Answer 6

25m (short)

Question 7

Can the small intestine move?

Answer 7

not really (in dorsal abdomen), but still moves via peristalsis

Question 8

ileal papilla

Answer 8

contains the ileocecal orifice

Question 9

intussusception

Answer 9

telescoping intestines (more common in young horses)

Question 10

Small Intestine Entrapments (3)

Answer 10

1. Epiploic foramen
2. Vaginal ring
3. Rent in the mesentery

Question 11

Location of Cecum

Answer 11

right dorsal, rib 15 to tuber coxae (near xyphoid process)

Question 12

capacity of cecum

Answer 12

30L

Question 13

3 Parts of the Cecum

Answer 13

1. Dorsal base
2. Body (curved, tapering)
3. Blind ventral apex

Question 14

of tenia in cecum

Answer 14

4

Question 15

4 Parts of Ascending Colon

Answer 15

1. Right ventral colon
2. Left ventral colon
3. Left dorsal colon
4. Right dorsal colon

Question 16

3 Flexures of Ascending Colon

Answer 16

1. Sternal flexure
2. Pelvic flexure
3. Diaphragmatic flexure

Question 17

Common location of impaction in the ascending colon

Answer 17

pelvic flexure - no mesentery (moves around) and major decrease in size)

Question 18

Dry fecal balls a formed in ________

Answer 18

descending colon

Question 19

Following gut flow, numbers of tenia?

Answer 19

4 4 4 4 1 1 3 3 2 2
(cecum, right ventral, sternal flexure, left ventral, pelvic flexure, left dorsal, diaphragmatic flexure, right dorsal, transverse, descending)

Question 20

Borborygmi

Answer 20

gut rumblings

Question 21

Frequency of Borborygmi?

Answer 21

1-3 borborygmi every 60 seconds

Question 22

4 Quadrants of the Horse

Answer 22

1. Upper left
2. Lower left
3. Upper right
4. Lower right

Question 23

Sounds of Upper Left Quadrant?

Answer 23

pelvic flexure

Question 24

Sounds of Lower Left Quadrant?

Answer 24

left ventral colon

Question 25

Sounds of Upper Right Quadrant

Answer 25

base of cecum

Question 26

Sounds of Lower Right Quadrant

Answer 26

body of cecum

Question 27

Liver location

Answer 27

mostly (2/3) right of median plane, from rib6 to 16

Question 28

4 Liver Lobes

Answer 28

1. Left 2. Right 3. Caudate 4. Quadrate

Question 29

What separates the left and quadrate lobes of the liver?

Answer 29

round ligament of the liver

Question 30

The round ligament of the liver is a remnant of what?

Answer 30

the umbilical vein

Question 31

Do horses have a gallbladder?

Answer 31

NO

Question 32

Do horses produce bile?

Answer 32

yes - bile duct goes directly to the duodenum

Question 33

Shape of spleen

Answer 33

sickle shaped

Question 34

Spleen location

Answer 34

left dorsal abdomen, last 3 ribs to ribs 9/10 at the costal arch

Question 35

renosplenic ligament

Answer 35

connects spleen to left kidney

Question 36

tenia

Answer 36

formed by concentrations of external longitudinal muscle ajjd elastic fibers

Question 37

Phrenicosplenic ligament

Answer 37

connects spleen to the left crus of the diaphragm

Question 38

Pancreas in the horse

Answer 38

triangular, against abdominal roof