Axial Skeleton + Body Cavities

Question 1

Bones

Answer 1

Structure, movement, nutrient storage, hematopoetic blood stem cells. Calcium and phosphate.

Question 2

Joint

Answer 2

How bones interact with each other, functional points for movement.

Question 3

Axial skeleton

Answer 3

Skull, vertebrae, ribs

Question 4

Skull

Answer 4

Everything you can see on the exterior (for now).

Question 5

Vertebrae

Answer 5

5 groups of vert. Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx. Each region has a specific number relating to somite loosely.

Question 6

Primary curves

Answer 6

Thoracic and sacral/coccyx. Typhosus

Question 7

Secondary Curves

Answer 7

Lumbar - lordosis and cervical. Curves exist for balance and creating an even weight distribution.

Question 8

Pedacles

Answer 8

Columns that connect body to arch (Vertebrae)

Question 9

Vertebral body/arch

Answer 9

Prevent twisting too far (protect spinal cord and spinal nerves), among others.

Question 10

Intervertebral foramen

Answer 10

Created by two bones coming together (not rare, but not as common as a regular bone). Spinal nerves will exit/enter vertebral canal here.

Question 11

Transverse Foramen

Answer 11

Cervical vert. Vertebral artery and vein, plus sympathetic nerves

Question 12

Vertebral arteries

Answer 12

Posterior blood supply to the brain. Anterior is carotid.

Question 13

Ribs are higher

Answer 13

posteriorly. Curved inferiorly and anteriorly. During inspiration they move superiorly and laterally.

Question 14

Costal cartilage

Answer 14

Strong rigidity to be a protective cage while providing flexibility for breathing.

Question 15

Nucleolus pulposis

Answer 15

Center anterior core of intervertebral disc. Notochord gives rise to this structure.

Question 16

Scleratome

Answer 16

Gives rise to vertebrae, somite differentiates into scleratome.

Question 17

Know slide 9

Answer 17

pay attention to costal groove - allows you to tell superior to inferior (this is always inferior).

Question 18

A.V.N.M.

Answer 18

Artery, vein, nerve, muscle.

Question 19

Joint capsule

Answer 19

Dense fibrous connective tissue. Red lining cavity is Synovial membrane (where you find cells producing synovial fluid).

Question 20

Synovial fluid

Answer 20

Nourish and cushion.

Question 21

Atlantoaxial joint

Answer 21

C1 and C2 joint. Synovial joint at dens of C2 against anterior arch of C1. This allows for head rotation.

Question 22

Atlanto-occipital/lots of cervical vert

Answer 22

Nodding.

Question 23

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 23

Synovial joints.

Question 24

Cartilagenous solid joints

Answer 24

Very slight motion associated with them, if any. Often immobile.

Question 25

Fibrous solid joints

Answer 25

Sutures (between bones of skull). Gomphosis is like this.

Question 26

Syndesmosis

Answer 26

Interosseous membrane

Question 27

Diaphragm

Answer 27

separates Abdominopelvic cavity and Thoracic cavity. Comes down to T12 posteriorly, anteriorly it only goes down to the sternum base.

Question 28

Breathing

Answer 28

contraction of diaphragm/relaxation of abs = inhale. Relax of diaphragm/contract abs = exhale. Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity working together. Ribs move up and out and take sternum with it.

Question 29

Abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 29

bony landmarks can define and distinguish the structures. Sacral/coccyx vert and lumbar vert.

Question 30

valsalva maneauver.

Answer 30

Increasing intra-abdominal pressure is often referred to as the valsalva maneauver. The valsalva is accomplished by attempting to forcibly exhales against a closed airway.

Question 31

Micturation

Answer 31

Peeing.

Question 32

Mesothelium

Answer 32

Lines cavity

Question 33

intraperitoneal structures

Answer 33

intraperitoneal structures = suspended in mesenteries

Question 34

retroperitoneal structures

Answer 34

retroperitoneal structures = lie between the parietal peritoneum and the abdominal wall

Question 35

Parietal peritoneum

Answer 35

lines the abdominal wall

Question 36

Visceral peritoneum

Answer 36

covers the suspended organs (viscera)

Question 37

Thoracic cavity

Answer 37

Packed tightly - parietal pleura, thin small barely identifiable pleural cavity between this and visceral pleura. Visceral pleura follows shape of organs. Tiny space is filled with serous fluid for reducing friction.

Question 38

Fluids in body

Answer 38

Reducing friction or digestive process, blood, nutrient delivery.

Question 39

Mediastinum

Answer 39

Heart and trachea here.

Question 40

Cranial cavity

Answer 40

Lined with meninges -3 of them. Dura, arachnoid, pia mater. Protect brain.

Question 41

``` nasal cavities nasal sinuses oral cavity orbit= eye socket middle & inner ear cavities ```

Answer 41

Anterior extent is open.

Question 42

NetAnatomy assignments

Answer 42

Radiographic Anatomy, Head and Neck #10 (Cervical spine, Lateral view) Radiographic Anatomy, Head and Neck #11 (Cervical spine, Oblique view)   Radiographic Anatomy, Thorax #1 (PA Chest film) Radiographic Anatomy, Thorax #3 (Thoracic vertebrae) Radiographic Anatomy, Thorax #4 (Costovertebral joints) Radiographic Anatomy, Thorax #10 (MRI Thoracic spine)   Radiographic Anatomy, Abdomen #1 (Abdominal plain film, AP view) Radiographic Anatomy, Abdomen #2 (Lumbar Spine, AP view) Radiographic Anatomy, Abdomen #3 (Lumbar Spine, Lateral view) Radiographic Anatomy, Abdomen #4 (Lumbar Spine,, Oblique view)