B 2.2 Organelles Flashcards
Which 3 parts of the cell are not organelles
cell wall, cytoskeleton, cytoplasm
Advantages to membrane bound organelles
Separation of the activities of gene translation and transcription from protein synthesis, hence the mRNA matures and is packaged before contact with the ribosomes
Four advantages of compartmentalization
1.Enzymes and metabolites can be concentrated in a small space, increasing the chance for collision between active site and substrate
2.Substances that can damage cells can be isolated within a membrane, protecting remaining structures from degradation
3.Conditions, such as pH, can be maintained at an optimal value for a particular reaction
4.Large areas of membrane can become dense with proteins for a specific process
Organelles with double membrane
mitochondria, chloroplasts, nucleus
Is the cell membrane an organelle?
yes
Mitochondria
-double membrane,
-ATP synthesis when enzymes break down proteins,
-used to be an anaerobic bacterium,
-cytoplasm is called a matrix,
-inner bending of the inner membrane cristae
- Has ribosomes DNA and RNA
chloroplasts
-Double membrane,
- Photosynthesis: From CO2 it takes C
-Has ribosomes, DNA, and RNA
-cytoplasm called Stroma
- coin- thylakoid
- Stack of coins- granum
- Empty space- lumen
- Connection between stacks- lamellae
vesicles
Transports protein
central vacuole
Only in plant cells
Contains turger (Inner pressure) of the cell- Plumpness
nucleus
Double membrane, Poor’s for RNA and ribosomes
nucleolus
No membrane, Produces ribosomes
golgi aparatus
Has vesicles around, Final protein maturation and packaging into vesicles
- only eukaryotic cells
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
has ribosomes, surrounds the nucleus
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Transport and passage of proteins and lipids
Ribosomes
No membrane, Produce proteins
