D 2.1 Cell and Nuclear Division Flashcards
What are the types of reproduction in cells?
prokaryoes- binary fission
eukaryotes- mitosis and meiosis
How does binary fission work?
1.DNA is copied
2.The two daughter chromosomes attach to different parts of the plasma membrane
3.The cell divides into two generally identical daughter cells
What is a necessary organelle/s that the daughter cells needs to have from the mother?
each daughter needs to get at least one mitochondria and/or chloroplast from the mother
Differentiate cytokinesis in animal cells and plant cells
animal- fluid plasma membrane is pinched inward forming a cleavage furrow
plant- a cell plate is made up of vesicles and splits the mother cell into two at the middle turning into a membrane
Oogenesis meaning
Uniquely cytokinesis when producing four haploid cells, three of them donate their organelles and cytoplasm to the one that keeps on living
Explain budding in respect to uniquel cytokinesis
a yeast cell forms a little bud where a new nucleus, organelles, and cytoplasm go and when it’s ready, it is released to the world
anucleate meaning
a cell that does not have the instructions on how to live or divide (no nucleus)
What is chromatin?
DNA supercoiled with histones
How do astral microtubules work?
reach out from the centrosome and separate the chromosome
How do kinetochore microtubules work?
separate the chromosome by attaching to the centromere (the center area of the chromosome)
How do overlap microtubules work?
sandwich the chromosomes and use motor proteins to walk them apart
What are recombinant chromatids?
Chromatids from two different homologous chromosomes that are not sisters but have crossed over
examples of cell proliferation
plant meristems and early-stage animal embryo
