B.1.1 Carbohydrates and Lipids

Question 1

Why is carbon essential to the formation of life?

Answer 1

bcuz carbon can create 4 strong covalent bonds (single or combination with double bonds)

Question 2

Condensation:
a) links monomers to form polymer?
b) links polymers to form monomer?
c) digests polymer to monomers?

Answer 2

a) links monomers to form polymer

Question 3

Hyrdolysis:
a) digests polymer to monomera?
b) digests monomers to polymer?
c) links monomers to polymer?

Answer 3

a) digests polymer to monomers

Question 4

Examples of Monosaccharides

Answer 4

glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose

Question 5

Examples of Disaccharides

Answer 5

Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose

Question 6

Examples of Polysaccharides

Answer 6

starch: glycogen, cellulose, chitin

Question 7

The three groups of carbohydrates

Answer 7

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

Question 8

The three groups of Lipids

Answer 8

Triglycerides, Phospholipids, Steroids

Question 9

What is the monomer of Carbohydrates?

Answer 9

Monosaccharides

Question 10

What are the monomers of Lipids?

Answer 10

phosphate groups, fatty acids, glycerol

Question 11

Properties of glucose

Answer 11

-stability, because covalent
-high soluability, because polar
-easily transportable, because of soluability
-yields a lot of chem energy in oxidation reaction because of covalent bonds

Question 12

carbohydrates endings

Answer 12

-ose

Question 13

number of monomers in starches and sugars

Answer 13

sugar: mono- or di- saharide
starch: polysaharide (more than 10)

Question 14

What are polysaccharides used for and why?

Answer 14

energy storage in plants(cellulose) and animals(glycogen)
because: insoluable since big; easy to remove (store energy elsewhere) or add a-glucose (to store more energy)

Question 15

structure and function of cellulose

Answer 15

alternating orientation for b-glucose formind straight chains grouped and paralel with hydrogen bonds

Question 16

role of glycoproteins

Answer 16

on the cell membrane;
1.they act as markers so that immune cells recognize them and attack foregn cells
2.receptors on cell membrane
3.chemical messengers (ligans)
4.structural integrity (help hold together)

Question 17

lipid properties
+ examples

Answer 17

• dissolve in non-polar solvents (also non-polar)
• rarely dissolve in (aq)
• insulation
• waterproof

Question 18

Phospholipid properties

Answer 18

-hydrophilic phosphate head
-amphipatic molecule
-selectively permiable: gases, hydrophobic molecules, and small polar uncharged molecules

Question 19

saturated fatty acids
(example)

Answer 19

NO double bond
solid RT
high melting point
(animal products)

Question 20

Triglycerides

Answer 20

• hydrophobic macromolecule
• glycerol +(Esther bond)+ 3 fatty acids (saturated or unsaturated)

Question 21

unsaturated fatty acids
(example)

Answer 21

double bond C:C
liquid RT
mono-saturated or poly-saturated
low melting point

CIS - isomer (natural)
H on the same side
(oil)
OR
TRANS - isomer (artificial)
H on different side
(margarine)

Question 22

Triglyceride function

Answer 22

long term energy storage
thermal insulator to body temp + habitat
(adipose)

Question 23

amphipatic

Answer 23

hydrophilic and hydrophobic
(head) (tails)

Question 24

Steroids

Answer 24

naturally occurring hormones
4 carbon based
non-polar, able to pass through membrane
strength, stability

Question 25

Glucose

Answer 25

C6H12O6