B Oxidation of Fats

Question 1

In what organs does B-oxidation of fats occur?

Answer 1

Liver + Muscle

Question 2

pathway of B-oxidation of fats

Answer 2

Acyl CoA -(Acyl CoA dehydrogenase + FAD)-> Enoyl CoA -(Enoyl CoA hydratase + H2O)-> Hydroxyacyl CoA -(Hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase + NAD)-> B-Ketoacyl-CoA -(Thiolase + CoA)-> Fatty Acyl CoA + Acetyl CoA –> Ketogenesis = Ketones; OR Kreb’s 12ATP

Question 3

Where does B-oxidation of fats occur within the cell?

Answer 3

mitochondrial matrix

(for majority of FAs)

Question 4

An FA made of 2-4 Carbons is termed

Answer 4

Short chain

Question 5

An FA made of 6-14 Carbons is termed

Answer 5

Medium chain

Question 6

An FA made of 16-20 Carbons is termed

Answer 6

Long chain

Question 7

what FA do we make when we make TAGs for storage?

Answer 7

Long chain

Question 8

An FA made of 22 or more Carbons is termed

Answer 8

Very Long chain

Question 9

Which FAs are located in the Mitochondria?

Answer 9

Short, Medium, and Long chain FAs

Question 10

Which FAs are located in the Peroxisomes?

Answer 10

Very Long chain FAs

Question 11

How are Short chain FAs transported?

Answer 11

Simple diffusion

Question 12

How are Medium chain FAs transported?

Answer 12

Diffusion

Question 13

How are Long chain FAs transported?

Answer 13

Carnitine cycle

Question 14

How are Very Long chain FAs transported?

Answer 14

unknown

Question 15

name the 16 Carbon FA

Answer 15

Palmitate

Palmitic acid

Question 16

name the 18 Carbon FA

Answer 16

Stearate

Steric acid

Question 17

name the 20 Carbon FA

Answer 17

Arachidate

Arachidic acid

Question 18

B-oxidation of fats in the Liver is also known as ____

Answer 18

Ketogenesis

Question 19

what enzyme releases FAs from adipose tissue?

Answer 19

Hormone-sensitive Lipase

Question 20

what 2 hormones allosterically activate Hormone-sensitive Lipase?

Answer 20

Glucagon + Epinephrine

Question 21

Hormone-sensitive lipase converts TAGs to ____

Answer 21

3FAs + Glycerol

Question 22

where does the glycerol from TAGs go

Answer 22

back to Liver

Question 23

what is the function of Albumin?

Answer 23

transport FAs back to Liver/Muscle

Question 24

What hormone is required for normal rate of B-oxidation?

Answer 24

T3

Question 25

Where is T3 produced?

Answer 25

Thyroid (T4 + T3) Liver (T4 converted to T3)

Question 26

What is the coenzyme for T3?

Answer 26

Bile

Question 27

What enzyme converts FA --> fatty acyl CoA

Answer 27

Thiokinase

Question 28

where is the enzyme Thiokinase located?

Answer 28

outer mitochondrial membrane

Question 29

What is the location + purpose of CPT1?

Answer 29

in the outer mitochondrial membrane, CPT1 puts Fatty Acyl CoA in carnitine

Question 30

what is the biochemical composition of Carnitine

Answer 30

Trimethyl-lysine (needs B6) | (made from Lysine + SAMe)

Question 31

how is Carnitine recycled, and where is the enzyme located?

Answer 31

CPT2 + Acyl Carnitine Translocase, in the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 32

How many ATPs are generated from B-Oxidation of Palmitic Acid?

Answer 32

131 ATP

Question 33

How many ATPs are generated from B-Oxidation of Stearic Acid?

Answer 33

148 ATP

Question 34

How many ATPs are generated from B-Oxidation of Arachidic Acid?

Answer 34

165 ATP

Question 35

(Ketogenesis) Name the 3 ketone bodies

Answer 35

Acetoacetate (4C), B-Hydroxybutyrate (4C), Acetone (3C)

Question 36

(Ketogenesis) which ketone body is found in blood/urine?

Answer 36

B-hydroxybutyrate

Question 37

(Ketogenesis) what tissues can use ketone bodies for energy?

Answer 37

Heart, Skeletal muscle, + **Brain only during starvation**

Question 38

Metabolism of ketone bodies requires what Kreb's cycle intermediate?

Answer 38

Succinyl-CoA

Question 39

What AAs enter the Kreb's cycle as Succinyl-CoA?

Answer 39

Valine, Isoleucine, Methionine

Question 40

Name the 4 coenzymes of the B-oxidation of Fats pathway? (1st --> 4th step)

Answer 40

FAD, H2O, NAD+, CoA

Question 41

what is the enzyme in the 1st step of B-oxidation

Answer 41

acyl CoA dehydrogenase

Question 42

what is the enzyme in the 2nd step of B-oxidation

Answer 42

enoyl CoA hydratase

Question 43

what is the enzyme in the 3rd step of B-oxidation

Answer 43

hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase

Question 44

what is the enzyme in the 4th step of B-oxidation

Answer 44

thiolase

Question 45

Which enzyme adds H2O to the molecule during B-Oxidation of FAs?

Answer 45

Enoyl CoA hydratase

Question 46

The carnitine shuttle requires the enzyme CPT-1 located in the ____ and ____ is the biochemical composition of carnitine.

Answer 46

outer mitochondrial membrane; trimethyl lysine

Question 47

FAs are stored as ____ in adipose tissue

Answer 47

Triacylglycerols (TAGs)

Question 48

What is the energy from B-oxidation of fats used for?

Answer 48

glycogenesis