Cholesterol Synthesis + Bile Flashcards
(47 cards)
what are 3 functions of Cholesterol?
cell membranes, synthesize steroids (Vit D), Bile synthesis
Where does cholesterol synthesis start
cytoplasm
what increases cholesterol synthesis
lack of exercise + high sugar
how are steroid molecules named?
-one, -ol
name examples of steroid molecules/hormones
testosterone, estradiol, aldosterone, (pregnenolone, progesterone, cortisol, etc.)
name 2 disorders caused by excess Cholesterol
Cardiovascular disease, Gallstones
what test is used to diagnose problems in the gall bladder?
Cholecystogram (ultrasound of Gall Bladder)
what sources impact blood levels of Cholesterol
50% diet, 50% made by the body
3 locations of DeNovo synthesis of Cholesterol
*Liver, adrenal cortex, gonads
Number of Carbons in Cholesterol
27
List the order of steps for Cholesterol synthesis
Acetyl-CoA -(HMG CoA Synthase)-> HMG CoA -(HMG CoA Reductase + 2NADPH)-> Mevalonate -(ATP + Mg)-> Farnesyl Pyrophosphate -(Squalene synthase + NADPH + Mg + Mn)-> Squalene -(Cyclase + NADPH)-> Lanosterol -(NADPH)-> Cholesterol -(7-alpha-hydroxylase + NADPH + Vit C)-> Bile acids
stage 1 end product
Mevalonate
stage 1 enzymes
HMG CoA Synthase + HMG CoA Reductase
what foods have cholesterol?
animal products
stage 1 allosteric enzyme
HMG CoA Reductase
what co-enzyme does the allosteric enzyme in stage 1 require?
2NADPH
what hormone increases cholesterol synthesis
Insulin
name 2 things that down regulate cholesterol synthesis
Glucagon + Cholesterol
stage 2 end product
Farnesyl Pyrophosphate
stage 2 coenzymes required
ATP + Mg
the enzyme Farnesyl pyrophosphate is an important intermediate in the synthesis of ____
Co-Q10 (Ubiquinone, aka: Coenzyme Q10)
in the absence of the molecule CoQ10, what dose is needed to replete the drug induced nutrient deficiency?
100 mg/day
stage 3 end product
Squalene
what is Squalene capable of being?
a Ring
