B-Pages Flashcards
(545 cards)
1
Q
Branches of the Pulmonary Trunk?
A
Right pulmonary a.
Left pulmonary a.
2
Q
Branches of the Right pulmonary artery?
A
Superior branch
Inferior branch
3
Q
Branches of the Left pulmonary artery?
A
Superior branch
Inferior branch
4
Q
Branches of the Ascending aorta?
A
Right coronary a.
Left coronary a.
5
Q
Branches of the Right coronary artery?
A
Atrial rami
Right marginal branches
Posterior interventricular a.
6
Q
Branches of Atrial rami?
A
SA nodal a.
7
Q
Anastomoses of Posterior interventricular artery?
A
Anterior interventricular a.
8
Q
Branches of Left coronary artery?
A
Anterior interventricular a.
Circumflex branch
9
Q
Anastomoses of Anterior inter ventricular artery?
A
Posterior interventricular a.
10
Q
Anastomoses of Circumflex branch?
A
Right coronary artery
11
Q
Branches of Circumflex branch?
A
Left marginal branches
12
Q
Branches of the Arch of the aorta?
A
Brachiocephalic a.
Left common carotid a.
Left subclavian a.
13
Q
Branches of the Left subclavian artery?
A
Vertebral a. Thyrocervical t. Internal thoracic a. Costocervical t. Axillary a.
14
Q
Branches of Internal thoracic artery?
A
Pericardiacophrenic a.
Anterior intercostal a. (1-6)
Musculophrenic a.
Superior epigastric a.
15
Q
Anastomoses of Anterior intercostal artery (1-6)
A
Posterior intercostals a.
16
Q
Branches of Musculophrenic artery?
A
Anterior intercostals a. (7-9)
17
Q
Anastomoses of Musculophrenic artery?
A
Lower posterior intercostals a.
Deep circumflex iliac a.
18
Q
Anastomoses of Anterior intercostals (7-9)
A
Posterior intercostals a.
19
Q
Anastomoses of Superior epigastric artery?
A
Inferior epigastric a.
Contralateral superior epigastric a.
20
Q
Branches of Costocervical trunk?
A
Superior intercostal a. (1-2)
21
Q
Anastomoses of Superior intercostal a. (1-2)?
A
Anterior intercostal a.
22
Q
Branches of Axillary artery?
A
Superior thoracic a.
23
Q
Branches of the Descending aorta?
A
Bronchial a.
Esophageal a.
Posterior intercostal a. (3-11)
Subcostal a.
24
Q
Anastomoses of Posterior intercostal a. (3-11)?
A
Anterior intercostals a. (1-6)
Musculophrenic (lower intercostals) a.
25
Branches of Abdominal aorta?
```
Inferior phrenic a.
Celiac t.
Superior mesenteric a.
Inferior mesenteric a.
Middle suprarenal a.
Ovarian or testicular a.
Renal a.
Lumbar a.
```
26
Branches of Inferior phrenic artery?
Superior suprarenal a.
27
Branches of Celiac trunk?
Left gastric a.
Common hepatic a.
Splenic a.
28
Branches of Left gastric artery?
Esophageal branches
29
Anastomoses of Left gastric artery?
Right gastric a.
| Short gastric a.
30
Branches of Common hepatic a?
Gastroduodenal a.
| Hepatic proper a.
31
Branches of Gastroduodenal artery?
R. gastroepiploic a.
| Superior pancreaticoduodenal a.
32
Anastomoses of R. gastroepiploic artery?
L. gastroepiploic a.
33
Anastomoses of Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery?
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.
34
Branches of Hepatic proper artery?
Right gastric a.
Left hepatic a.
Right hepatic a.
35
Branches of Right gastric artery?
Left gastric a.
36
Branches of Right hepatic artery?
Cystic a.
37
Branches of Splenic artery?
Short gastric a.
Great pancreatic a.
Left gastroepiploic a.
38
Anastomoses of Short gastric artery?
Left gastric a.
39
Anastomoses of Left gastroepiploic artery?
R. gastroepiploic a.
40
Branches of Superior mesenteric artery?
```
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.
Jejunal branches
Ileal branches
Ileocolic a.
Right colic a.
Middle colic a.
```
41
Anastomoses of Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery?
Superior pancreaticoduodenal a.
| Jejunal a.
42
Anastomoses of Jejunal branches?
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.
| Ileal a.
43
Anastomoses of Ileal branches?
Jejunal a.
| Ileocolic a.
44
Anastomoses of Ileocolic artery?
Ileal a.
| Right colic a.
45
Anastomoses of Right colic artery?
Ileocolic a.
| Middle colic a.
46
Anastomoses of Middle colic artery?
Right colic a.
| Left colic a.
47
Branches of Inferior mesenteric artery?
Left colic a.
Sigmoid a.
Superior rectal a.
48
Anastomoses of Left colic artery?
Middle colic a.
| Sigmoid a.
49
Anastomoses of Sigmoid artery?
Left colic a.
| Superior rectal a.
50
Anastomoses of Superior rectal artery?
Sigmoid a.
| Inferior rectal a.
51
Anastomoses of Ovarian or Testicular arteries?
Uterine a.
52
Branches of Renal artery?
Segmental a.
| Inferior suprarenal a.
53
Main arteries of pelvis?
Common iliac a.
External iliac a.
Internal iliac a.
54
Branches of External iliac artery?
Inferior epigastric a.
| Deep circumflex iliac a.
55
Branches of Inferior epigastric artery?
Cremasteric a.
56
Anastomoses of Inferior epigastric artery?
Superior epigastric a.
57
Anastomoses of Deep circumflex iliac artery?
Musculophrenic a.
58
Branches of Internal iliac artery?
```
Umbilical a.
Superior vesical a.
Inferior vesical a.
Middle rectal a.
Uterine a.
Obturator a.
Internal pudendal a.
Inferior gluteal a.
Superior gluteal a.
Iliolumbar a.
Lateral sacral a.
```
59
Branches of Superior vescial artery?
Ductus deferens branch
60
Branches of Inferior vesicle artery?
Vaginal branch
61
Anastomoses of Vaginal branch?
Uterine a.
62
Anastomoses of Uterine artery?
Ovarian a.
| Vaginal a.
63
Branches of Internal pudendal artery?
Inferior rectal a.
Perineal a.
Deep artery of the clitoris or penis
Dorsal artery of the clitoris of penis
64
Anastomoses of Inferior rectal artery?
Superior rectal a.
65
Branch of Perineal artery?
Posterior labial or scrotal branches
66
Attachments to body of vertebrae?
Psoas m.
Diaphragm m.
Anterior & posterior longitudinal lig.
67
Costal facet function?
Articulates with head of rib
68
Vertebral foramen and canal function?
Houses spinal cord
69
Intervertebral foramen function?
Transmits spinal nerves and radicular vessels
70
Attachments to transverse processes?
Erector spinae m.
Psoas m.
Levator scapulae m.
Transversalis fascia
71
Costotubercular facet function?
Articulate with the ribs
72
Superior/Inferior articular facet function?
Articulates with adjacent inferior articular facet
73
Attachments to lamina?
Ligamentum flavum
74
Attachments to spinous process?
```
Trapezius
Rhomboids
Latissimus dorsi
Erector spinae
Transversospinalis
Interspinous lig.
Supraspinous lig.
```
75
Function of base of sacrum?
Articulates with 5th lumbar vertebra
76
Attachments to sacral promontory?
Anterior longitudinal ligament
77
Attachments to pelvic surface of sacrum?
Piriformis
78
Attachments to dorsal surface of sacrum?
Erector spinae
Gluteus maximus
Sacrotuberous lig.
Sacrospinous lig.
79
Function of dorsal sacral foramina?
Transmits dorsal rami of sacral nerves
80
Attachments to median sacral crest?
Erector Spinae
| Gluteus maximus
81
Attachments to lateral sacral crest?
Erector Spinae
| Gluteus maximus
82
Function of apex of sacrum?
Articulates with coccyx
83
Function of sacral canal?
Houses sacral spinal roots
84
Attachments to coccyx?
Coccygeus m.
85
Function of articular facet of rib?
Articulate with body of vertebrae
86
Attachments to shaft of ribs?
```
Pectoralis minor (3-5)
Serratus Anterior
External intercostal
Internal intercostal
Innermost intercostal
Diaphragm
External oblique
Quadratus lumborum
```
87
Attachments to angle of ribs?
Erector spinae (iliocostalis)
88
Function of articular facet?
Articulates with transverse process
89
Function of costal groove?
Houses intercostal vein, artery, and nerve
90
Attachments to scalene tubercle (1st rib)?
Anterior scalene muscle to 1st rib
91
Attachments to manubrium?
Pectoralis major m.
92
Function of clavicular notch & facet?
Articulates with clavicle
93
Attachments to body of sternum?
Pectoralis major
| Transversis thoracis m.
94
Function of costal notches?
Articulates with ribs 2-7
95
Attachments to xiphoid process?
Diaphragm
| Rectus abdominis
96
Attachments to iliac crest?
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Quadratus lumborum
97
Attachments to anterior superior iliac spine?
Inguinal lig.
98
Function of greater sciatic notch?
Transmits piriformis m., superior gluteal a., inferior gluteal a., sciatic n., pudendal n., superior gluteal n., inferior gluteal n.
99
Attachments to iliopubic eminence?
Pubofemoral lig.
100
Attachments to iliac tuberosity?
Dorsal sacroiliac lig.
Interosseous sacroiliac lig.
Iliolumbar lig.
101
Attachments to iliac fossa?
Iliacus m.
102
Attachments to body of pubis?
Levator ani
103
Attachments to pubic crest?
Rectus abdominis
104
Attachments to pubic tubercle?
Rectus abdominis
| Inguinal lig.
105
Attachments to pecten pubis?
Conjoined tendon lig.
Lacunar lig.
Pectineal lig.
106
Function of obturator groove?
Transmits obturator n.a.v.
107
Attachments to inferior pubic ramus?
Ischiocavernosus m.
| Compressor urethrae m.
108
Function of lesser sciatic notch?
Transmits obturator internus tendon, pudendal n., & internal pudendal a. and v.
109
Attachments to ischial spine?
Levator ani m.
Coccygeus m.
Sacrospinous lig.
110
Attachments to ischial ramus?
Ischiocavernosus m.
| Compressor urethrae m.
111
Attachments to ischial tuberosity?
Sacrotuberous lig.
112
This lines the thorax between the intercostal muscles and the pleura; equivalent to the transversalis fascia of the abdomen?
Endothoracic fascia
113
Parts of the superficial abdominal fascia?
Superficial fatty layer (Camper’s fascia)
| Deep membranous layer (Scarpa’s fascia)
114
This is continuous with the superficial fascia of the scrotum?
Deep membranous layer (Scarpa's fascia)
115
This is between the transversus abdominis muscle and the extraperitoneal fat; continuous with the pelvic fascia (epimysium of the iliacus muscle)?
Transversalis fascia
116
This separates the perirenal and pararenal layers of fat surrounding the kidney?
Renal fascia
117
This is continuous with Scarpa’s fascia of the anterior abdominal wall and the superficial perineal fascia (Colle’s fascia)?
Superficial fascia of the penis and scrotum
118
This surrounds the corpus spongiosum and the corpora cavernous?
Deep penile fascia (Buck’s fascia)
119
This is continuous with the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle?
External spermatic fascia
120
This is continuous with the internal oblique muscle?
Cremasteric fascia
121
This is continuous with the transversalis fascia?
Internal spermatic fascia
122
This is continuous with the superficial fascia of the penis and scrotum; defines the superficial boundary of the superficial perineal space (pouch)?
Superficial perineal fascia (Colle’s)
123
This defines the deep boundary of the superficial perineal space (pouch) and the inferior (superficial) boundary of the deep perineal space (pouch)?
Inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm (perineal membrane)
124
This defines the superior (deep) boundary of the deep perineal space (pouch)?
Superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm
125
This covers the pelvic surface of the obturator internus muscle?
Obturator fascia
126
Subdivision of the obturator fascia?
Tendinous arch of the levator ani
127
This is the attachment for the levator ani muscle?
Tendinous arch of the levator ani
128
Divisions of the fascia of the pelvic diaphragm?
```
Inferior fascia (anal fascia)
Superior fascia
```
129
This covers the inferior surface of the levator ani and coccygeus muscles?
Inferior fascia (anal fascia)
130
This covers the superior surface of the levator ani and coccygeus muscles?
Superior fascia
131
Joints of the thoracic cage?
Costovertebral (costocorporeal)
Costotransverse
Sternocostal
132
Classification of costovertebral (costocorporeal) joint?
Synovial plane
133
Classification of costotransverse joint?
Synovial plane
134
Classification of sternocostal joint?
Synovial plane
135
Joints of the pelvis?
Lumbosacral
Sacroiliac
Pubic symphysis
136
Classification of lumbosacral joint?
symphysis
137
Classification of sacroiliac joint?
synovial plane
138
Classification of pubic symphysis?
symphysis
139
Ligaments of the pelvis?
Inguinal
Sacroiliac
Sacrospinous
Sacrotuberous
140
Attachments of inguinal ligament?
Anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle
141
Parts of inguinal ligament?
Lacunar
| Pectineal
142
Attachments of lacunar part of inguinal ligament?
Medial end of inguinal ligament to medial end of pecten pubis
143
Attachments of pectineal part of inguinal ligament?
To pecten pubis
144
Parts of sacroiliac ligament?
Ventral
Dorsal
Interosseous
145
Attachments of dorsal part of sacroiliac ligament?
Lateral sacral crest to posterior superior iliac spine
146
Attachments of interosseous part of sacroiliac ligament?
Between articular surfaces
147
Attachments of sacrospinous ligament?
Ischial spine to lateral margin of sacrum
148
Attachments of sacrotuberous ligament?
Posterior iliac spine and lateral margin of sacrum to ischial tuberosity
149
What are the lymphatic trunks?
Thoracic duct
| Right lymphatic trunk
150
What does the thoracic duct drain?
```
R.+L. lower extremities
Pelvis
Abdomen
Left thorax
Left upper extremity
Left head
Left neck
```
151
What does the right lymphatic duct drain?
Right thorax
Right upper extremity
Right head
Right Neck
152
Lymph nodes of the breast?
```
Parasternal
Inguinal
Infraclavicular
Axillary
Apical axillary
```
153
Function of parasternal lymph nodes?
Drain medial breast bilaterally
154
Function of inguinal lymph nodes?
Drain inferior breast
155
Function of infraclavicular lymph nodes?
Drain superior breast
156
Function of axillary lymph nodes?
Predominant drainage of the breast
157
Function of the apical axillary lymph nodes?
Drain superior breast and other axillary nodes
158
Two divisions of the thoracic lymph nodes?
Parietal
| Visceral
159
What are the parietal lymph nodes?
Parasternal
Intercostal
Diaphragmatic
Posterior mediastinal
160
Function of the parasternal lymph nodes?
Drain medial aspect of breast
Upper abdominal wall
Anterior pleura
Part of liver
161
Function of intercostal lymph nodes?
Drain lateral and posterior thoracic wall
162
Function of the diaphragmatic lymph nodes?
Drain liver, pleura, diaphragm
163
Function of the posterior mediastinal lymph nodes?
Drain pleura and esophagus
164
What are the visceral lymph nodes?
Pulmonary
Bronchopulmonary
Tracheobronchial (inf. & sup.)
Paratracheal
165
Function of the pulmonary lymph nodes?
Drain lung
166
Function of the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes?
Drain pulmonary nodes & bronchi
167
Function of the tracheobronchial (inf. & sup.) lymph nodes?
Drain bronchopulmonary & posterior mediastinal nodes, trachea and heart
168
Function of paratracheal lymph nodes?
Drain tracheobronchial nodes
169
Lymph nodes of the abdomen and pelvis?
Prearotic
Lateral aortic (para-aortic)
Retroaortic
170
Function of preaortic lymph nodes?
Drain abdominal viscera supplied by the celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric a.
171
Function of the lateral aortic lymph nodes?
Drain the kidneys, suprarenal glands, ureter, posterior abdominal wall, testes, ovaries, uterine tubes, superior uterus & iliac nodes
172
Nodes that make up the lateral aortic nodes?
Common iliac
External iliac
Internal iliac
173
Function of common iliac lymph nodes?
Drain internal and external iliac nodes
174
Function of the external iliac lymph nodes?
Drain inguinal nodes, abdominal wall, perineum and lower pelvic viscera
175
Function of the internal iliac lymph nodes?
Drain pelvic viscera, perineum, gluteal region(skin drains to inguinal nodes)
176
Function of the retroaortic lymph nodes?
Drain the posterior abdominal wall
177
Attachments of intercostal (external) muscles?
From rib to rib oriented from superior-lateral to inferior-medial
178
Actions of intercostal (external) muscles?
Elevation of ribs
179
Innervation of intercostal (external) muscles?
Intercostal nerves
180
Blood supply of intercostal (external) muscles?
Anterior & posterior intercostals a.
181
Attachments of intercostal (internal & innermost) muscles?
From rib to rib oriented superior-medial to inferior-lateral
182
Actions of intercostal (internal & innermost) muscles?
Depression of ribs
183
Innervation of intercostal (internal & innermost) muscles?
Intercostal nerves
184
Blood supply of intercostal (internal & innermost) muscles?
Anterior & posterior intercostals a.
185
Attachments of transversus thoracis?
From posterior sternum to costal cartilages
186
Actions of transversus thoracis?
Depress ribs
187
Innervation of transversus thoracis?
Intercostal nerves
188
Blood supply of transversus thoracis?
Internal thoracic & anterior intercostal a.
189
Attachments of the cremaster muscle?
From the medial edge of the internal oblique to spermatic cord
190
Actions of the cremaster muscle?
Elevation of the testis
191
Innervation of the cremaster muscle?
Genitofemoral n.
192
Blood supply of the cremaster muscle?
Cremasteric a.
193
Attachments of the diaphragm?
From xiphoid process, inner surface of the lower ribs and costal cartilages, medial & lateral arcuate ligaments & lumbar vertebrae via the crura of the central tendon
194
Actions of the diaphragm?
Inspiration
195
Innervation of the diaphragm?
Phrenic n.
196
Blood supply of the diaphragm?
Musculophrenic, inferior phrenic, subcostal & lower posterior intercostal a.
197
Attachments of the external oblique?
From lower 8 ribs to iliac crest & rectus sheath
198
Actions of the external oblique?
Flexion and rotation of the trunk & compression of the abdominal cavity
199
Innervation of the external oblique?
Ventral rami T7-12
200
Blood supply of the external oblique?
Superior epigastric, inferior epigastric, subcostal, lower posterior intercostal, lumbar, superficial circumflex iliac & deep circumflex iliac a.
201
Attachments of the internal oblique?
From thoracolumbar fascia to inguinal ligament, iliac crest & rectus sheath
202
Actions of the internal oblique?
Flexion and rotation of the trunk & compression of the abdominal cavity
203
Innervation of the internal oblique?
Lower thoracic & L1 ventral rami
204
Blood supply of the internal oblique?
Superior epigastric, inferior epigastric, subcostal, lower posterior intercostal, lumbar, superficial circumflex iliac & deep circumflex iliac a.
205
Attachments of the quadratus lumborum?
From 12th rib to iliolumbar ligament & iliac crest
206
Actions of the quadratus lumborum?
Extension & lateral flexion of the trunk and fixes 12th rib during respiration
207
Innervation of the quadratus lumborum?
Ventral rami T12-L3
208
Blood supply of the quadratus lumborum?
Subcostal, lumbar, iliolumbar a.
209
Attachments of the rectus abdominis?
Xiphoid process & adjacent costal cartilages to pubic crest and tubercle
210
Actions of the rectus abdominis?
Flexion of trunk & compression of abdominal cavity
211
Innervation of the rectus abdominis?
Lower thoracic ventral rami
212
Blood supply of the rectus abdominis?
Superior epigastric, inferior epigastric a.
213
Attachments of the transversus abdominis?
From lower six costal cartilages & thoracolumbar fascia to inguinal lig., iliac crest & rectus sheath
214
Actions of the transversus abdominis?
Compression of the abdominal cavity
215
Innervation of the transversus abdominis?
Lower thoracic & L1 ventral rami
216
Blood supply of the transversus abdominis?
Superior epigastric, inferior epigastric, subcostal, lower posterior intercostal, lumbar, superficial circumflex iliac & deep circumflex iliac a.
217
Muscles making up the pelvic diaphragm?
Coccygeus
| Levator ani
218
Attachments of the coccygeus?
From ischial spine & sacrospinous lig. to coccyx
219
Actions of the coccygeus?
Supports & compresses posterior pelvic floor
220
Inneveration of the coccygeus?
Ventral rami S4-5
221
Blood supply of the coccygeus?
Inferior gluteal, internal pudendal & inferior rectal a.
222
Attachments of the levator ani?
Pubic symphysis, obturator fascia & ischial spine to midline raphe & anococcygeal lig.
223
Actions of levator ani?
Supports pelvic viscera & compresses rectum & vagina
224
Innervation of levator ani?
Pudendal nerve (inferior rectal branches) & S4
225
Blood supply of levator ani?
Inferior gluteal, internal pudendal, inferior rectal, inferior vesical a.
226
Attachments of bulbospongiosus?
Male: median raphe & perineal body (central tendon) to surround bulb of penis
Female: from the perineal body to surround vestibular bulb, vaginal orifice & clitoris
227
Actions of bulbospongiosus?
Male: empties urethra, maintains erection & contracts during ejaculation
Female: constricts vaginal orifice & contributes to erection of clitoris
228
Innervation of bulbospongiosus?
Perineal branch of pudendal nerve
229
Blood supply of bulbospongiosus?
Internal pudendal a.
230
Attachments of ischiocavernosus?
Ischial tuberosity & rams of aponeurosis surrounding crus of penis or clitoris
231
Actions of ischiocavernosus?
Compresses crus during erection
232
Innervation of ischiocavernosus?
Perineal branch of pudendal n.
233
Blood supply of ischiocavernosus?
Internal pudendal a.
234
Attachments of sphincter ani externus?
Perineal body (central tendon) to anococcygeal raphe
235
Action of sphincter ani externus?
Closes anal canal & fixes perineal body
236
Innervation of of sphincter ani externus?
Inferior rectal branch of pudendal nerve
237
Blood supply of sphincter ani externus?
Internal pudendal a.
238
Attachments of sphincter urethrae?
Surround urethra
239
Actions of sphincter urethrae?
Compresses urethra
240
Innervation of sphincter urethrae?
Perineal branch of pudendal n.
241
Blood supply of sphincter urethrae?
Internal pudendal a.
242
Attachments of compressor urethrae?
Female: ischiopubic ramus to midline passing ventral to urethra and inferior to the sphincter urethrae with a variable number of fibers fanning out medially to reach the vagina (replaces the deep transverse perineus)
243
Actions of compressor urethrae?
Compresses urethra
244
Innervation of compressor urethrae?
Perineal branch of the pudendal n.
245
Blood supply of compressor urethrae?
Internal pudendal a.
246
Attachments of sphincter urethrovaginalis?
Perineal body, surround vagina & urethra to meet contralateral muscle inferior to compressor urethrea
247
Actions of sphincter urethrovaginalis?
Compresses urethra & vagina
248
Innervation of sphincter urethrovaginalis?
Perineal branch of the pudendal n.
249
Blood supply of sphincter urethrovaginalis?
Internal pudendal a.
250
Attachments of deep transverse perineus?
Ischial tuberosity to perineal body (central tendon)
251
Actions of deep transverse perineus?
Fixes perineal body
252
Innervation of deep transverse perineus?
Perineal branch of pudendal n.
253
Blood supply of deep transverse perineus?
Internal pudendal a.
254
Attachments of superficial transverse perineus?
Ischial tuberosity to perineal body (central tendon)
255
Actions of superficial transverse perineus?
Fixes perineal body
256
Innervation of superficial transverse perineus?
Perineal branch of the pudendal n.
257
Blood supply of superficial transverse perineus?
Internal pudendal a.
258
Nerve of the cervical plexus extending into the trunk?
Phrenic nerve (C3-5)
259
Function of the phrenic nerve?
Sensory, post symp, of pericardium, central tendon (adjacent pleura & peritoneum), motor (lmn) & post symp to diaphragm
260
Branches of the thoracic spinal nerves dorsal rami?
Medial branch
| Lateral branch
261
Function of the medial branch of the dorsal rami of the thoracic nerves?
Sensory, post symp to back muscles + skin, motor (lmn) of back muscles
262
Function of the lateral branch of the dorsal rami of the thoracic nerves?
Sensory, post symp to back muscles + skin, motor (lmn) of back muscles
263
Branches of the thoracic spinal nerves ventral rami?
Intercostal n. (T1-6)
Intercostal n. (T7-11)
Subcostal n.
264
Function of intercostal n. (T1-6)?
Sensory, post symp to intercostal muscles, parietal pleura & skin, motor (lmn) of intercostal muscles
265
Branches of intercostal n. (T1-6)?
Lateral cutaneous branch
Anterior cutaneous branch
Collateral branch
Intercostobrachial n. (T2 only)
266
Function of lateral cutaneous branch (T1-6)?
Sensory, post symp of skin overlying lateral aspect of intercostal space
267
Function of anterior cutaneous branch (T1-6)?
Sensory, post symp of skin overlying anterior aspect of intercostal space
268
Function of collateral branch (T1-6)?
Redundant with remainder of nerve
269
Function of intercostobrachial nerve?
Sensory, post symp of skin overlying proximal, medial aspect of arm
270
Function of intercostal n. (T7-11)?
Sensory, post symp to intercostal muscles, anterior abdominal muscles, peripheral diaphragm, parietal pleura & parietal peritoneum, motor (lmn) of intercostal muscles and muscles of anterior abdominal wall
271
Branches of intercostal n. (T7-11)?
Lateral cutaneous branch
Anterior cutaneous branch
Collateral branch
272
Function of lateral cutaneous branch (T7-11)?
Sensory, post symp of skin overlying lateral aspect of intercostal space & adjacent anterior abdominal wall
273
Function of anterior cutaneous branch (T7-11)?
Sensory, post sump of skin overlying rectus abdominis
274
Function of collateral branch (T7-11)?
Redundant with remainder of nerve
275
Function of subcostal nerve?
Sensory, post symp to skin overlying lateral and anterior abdominal wall, parietal peritoneum & muscles of anterior abdominal wall, motor (lmn) of muscles of anterior abdominal wall
276
Branches of dorsal rami of lumbar nerves?
Medial branch
| Lateral branch
277
Function of medial branch of lumbar dorsal rami?
Sensory, post symp to back muscles & overlying skin, motor (lmn) of back muscles
278
Function of lateral branch of lumbar dorsal rami?
Sensory, post symp to back muscles & overlying skin, motor (lmn) of back muscles
279
Branches of ventral rami of lumbar nerves?
```
Iliohypogastric (L1)
Ilioinguinal (L1)
Genitofemoral (L1-2)
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
Muscular branches
```
280
Function of iliohypogastric nerve?
Sensory, post symp of skin overlying lower anterior abdominal wall; sensory, post symp, motor (lmn) of muscles of the anterior abdominal wall
281
Function of ilioinguinal nerve?
Sensory, post symp of skin overlying proximomedial thigh, root of the penis & scrotum or mons pubis & labium majorum; sensory, post symp, motor (lmn) of muscles of the anterior abdominal wall
282
Branches of the genitofemoral nerve?
Genital branch
| Femoral branch
283
Function of the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve?
Sensory, post symp of skin overlying part of the labium majorum or scrotum; sensory, post sump, motor (lmn) of the cremaster muscle
284
Function of the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve?
Sensory, post sump of skin overlying the femoral triangle
285
Function of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh?
Sensory, post sump of the skin overlying the lateral aspect of the thigh
286
Function of the muscular branches of the lumbar nerves?
Sensory, post symp, motor (lmn) of the psoas and quadrates lumborum
287
Branches of the ventral rami of the sacral nerves?
Posterior femoral cutaneous n.
| Pudendal n. (S2-4)
288
Branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve?
Gluteal branches
| Perineal branches
289
Function of the gluteal branches of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve?
Sensory, post symp of skin overlying part of the gluteus maximus
290
Function of the perineal branches of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve?
Sensory, post sump of skin overlying part of the posterior aspect of the perineum
291
Branches of the pudendal nerve?
Inferior rectal n.
Perineal n.
Dorsal nerve of the clitoris or penis
292
Function of the inferior rectal nerve?
Sensory, post sump of skin overlying the anus, sensory, post symp, motor (lmn) of the external anal sphincter
293
Branches of the perineal nerve?
Muscular branches
| Posterior labial or scrotal branches
294
Function of the muscular branches of the perineal nerve?
Sensory, post symp, pre para of the corpus spongiosum or bulb of the vestibule, sensory, post symp, motor (lmn) of the perineal muscles
295
Function of the posterior labial or scrotal branches?
Sensory, post sump of skin overlying the labia major & minor, lower vagina, urethra or scrotum
296
Function of the dorsal nerve of the clitoris or penis?
Sensory, post symp of skin overlying the penis or clitoris, sensory, post symp, pre para to the corpus cavernosum
297
Types of rami communicans?
White (T1-L2)
| Gray (C1-S5)
298
Function of white rami communicans?
Carry pre symp axons to sympathetic chain (paravertebral ganglia), paravertebral ganglia and sensory axons from the viscera through the spinal cord
299
Function of gray rami communicans?
Carry post symp axons from the sympathetic chain to the spinal nerves for distribution through the dorsal and ventral rami
300
Name the medial sympathetic nerves?
```
Cardiopulmonary splanchnic n.
Upper thoracic splanchnic n. (T1-5)
Lower thoracic splanchnic n. (T5-12)
Lumbar splanchnic n. (L1-5)
Sacral splanchnic n. (S1-5)
```
301
Function of the cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves?
Carry sensory and post symp axons passing from the cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia to the cardiac and pulmonary plexuses
302
Function of the upper thoracic splanchnic nerves?
Carry sensory and post symp axons passing from the upper thoracic sympathetic chain to the aortic plexus
303
Divisions of the lower thoracic splanchnic nerves?
Greater splanchnic nerve (T5-9)
Lesser splanchnic nerve (T10-11)
Least splanchnic nerve (T12)
304
Function of the greater splanchnic nerve?
Carry pre symp axons to celiac ganglion and sensory axons from the viscera supplied by the celiac artery
305
Function of the lesser splanchnic nerve?
Carry pre symp axons to the superior mesenteric ganglion and sensory axons from the viscera supplied by the superior mesenteric artery
306
Function of the least splanchnic nerve?
Carry pre symp axons to the aorticorenal ganglion and sensory axons from the viscera supplied by the renal, suprarenal and gonadal arteries
307
Function of the lumbar splanchnic nerves?
Carry pre symp axons to the inferior mesenteric ganglion and scattered ganglia in the hypogastric plexus, and sensory axons from the viscera supplied by the inferior mesenteric and internal iliac arteries
308
Function of the sacral splanchnic nerves?
Carries pre symp axons to scattered ganglia in the hypogastric plexus and sensory axons from the viscera supplied by the interior mesenteric and internal iliac arteries
309
Name the prevertebral ganglia?
Celiac
Superior mesenteric
Aorticorenal
Inferior mesenteric
310
Function of the celiac ganglia?
Houses post symp neuronal cell bodies innervating viscera supplied by branches of the celiac artery
311
Function of superior mesenteric ganglia?
Houses post symp neuronal cell bodies innervating viscera supplied by branches of the superior mesenteric artery
312
Function of aorticorenal ganglia?
Houses post symp neuronal cell bodies innervating viscera supplied by branches of the renal, suprarenal and gonadal arteries
313
Function of the inferior mesenteric ganglia?
Houses post symp neuronal cell bodies innervating viscera supplied by branches of the inferior mesenteric arteries
314
Names the autonomic plexuses?
```
Cardiac
Pulmonary
Celiac
Superior mesentaric
Aorticorenal
Inferior mesentaric
Hypogastric
```
315
Function of cardiac plexus?
Carries sensory, post symp (cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves) and pre para (vagal) axons innervating the heart and coronary arteries
316
Function of pulmonary plexus?
Carries sensory, post symp (cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves) and pre para (vagal) axons to the pulmonary and bronchial arteries, trachea, and bronchi
317
Function of the celiac plexus?
Carries sensory, pre symp (greater splanchnic nerves), post symp (celiac ganglion) and pre para (vagal) axons to the viscera supplied by the celiac artery
318
Function of superior mesenteric plexus?
Carries sensory, pre symp (lesser splanchnic nerves), post symp (from superior mesentaric ganglion), and pre para axons (vagus) to the viscera supple by the superior mesenteric artery
319
Function of aorticorenal plexus?
Carries sensory, pre symp (least splanchnic nerves), post symp (aorticorenal ganglion), pre para axons (vagus) to the viscera supplied by the renal, suprarenal and gonadal arteries
320
Function of inferior mesenteric plexus?
Carries sensory, pre symp (lumbar splanchnic nerves), post symp (from inferior mesenteric ganglion), and pre para axons (pelvic splanchnic) to the viscera supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery
321
Function of the hypogastric plexus?
Carries sensory, pre symp (lumbar splanchnic nerves), post symp (from scattered ganglia), pre para axons (pelvic splanchnic nerves to the viscera supplied by the internal iliac artery
322
What at the parasympathetic nerves?
Vagus
Pelvic splanchnic (S2-4)
Pudendal nerve
323
Function of the vagus nerve?
Carries pre para axons innervating thoracic and abdominal viscera to the level of the left colic flexure, and sensory axons innervating the same viscera
324
Branches of the vagus nerve?
Left recurrent laryngeal n.
| Vagal trunks
325
Function of the vagal trunks?
Carries pre para axons innervating abdominal viscera to the level of the left colic flexure, and sensory axons innervating the same viscera
326
Function of the pelvic splanchnic nerves?
Carry sensory and pre para axons innervating the descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, bladder, uterus and erectile tissues
327
Function of the pudendal nerves?
Carries pre para axons to the corpus spongiosum (bulb of the vestibule) and corpora cavernosa
328
Branches draining into the superior vena cava?
Brachiocephalic v.
| Azygos v.
329
Branched draining into brachiocephalic v.
```
Subclavian v.
Internal jugular v.
Vertebral v.
1st intercostal v.
Internal thoracic v.
Inferior thyroid v.
Left superior intercostal v.
Pericardiacophrenic v.
```
330
Branches draining into the vertebral vein?
External vertebral venous plexus
331
Branches draining into external vertebral venous plexus?
Internal vertebral venous plexus (radicular v.)
332
Branches draining into the azygos vein?
```
Posterior intercostal v.
Right superior intercostal v.
Esophageal v.
Hemiazygos v.
Accessory hemiazygos v.
Right ascending lumbar
Right subcostal
Right lumbar azygos v.
```
333
Branches draining into the hemiazygos vein?
Left ascending lumbar v.
Left subcostal v.
Left lumbar azygos v.
Left posterior intercostals v.
334
Branches draining into the left ascending lumbar vein?
Left lumbar v.
335
Branches draining into the right ascending lumbar vein?
Right lumbar v.
336
Main cardiac veins?
Coronary sinus
| Anterior cardiac veins
337
Branches draining into the coronary sinus?
Great cardiac v.
Posterior vein of the left ventricle
Middle cardiac v.
Small cardiac v.
338
Names the pulmonary veins?
Inferior left
Superior left
Inferior right
Superior right
339
Branches draining into the inferior vena cava?
```
Common iliac v.
Renal v.
Right inferior phrenic v.
Right suprarenal v.
Right testicular (ovarian) v.
Hepatic v.
Lumbar v,
```
340
Branches draining into the common iliac vein?
External iliac v.
| Internal iliac v.
341
Branches draining into the external iliac vein?
Inferior epigastric v.
Deep circumflex iliac v.
Femoral v.
342
Branches draining into the internal iliac vein?
```
Superior gluteal v.
Inferior gluteal v.
Obturator v.
Lateral sacral v.
Internal pudendal v.
Middle rectal v.
Uterine v.
Vesical v.
```
343
Branches draining into the internal pudendal vein?
Inferior rectal v.
344
Branches draining into the inferior rectal vein?
Rectal venous plexus
345
Branches draining into the middle rectal vein?
Rectal venous plexus
346
Branches draining into the uterine vein?
Uterine venous plexus (female)
347
Branches draining into the vesical vein?
Prostatic venous plexus (male)
| Vesical plexus
348
Branches draining into the prostatic venous plexus?
Deep dorsal vein of the penis (male)
349
Branches draining into the vesical plexus?
Deep dorsal vein of the clitoris (female)
350
Branches draining into the renal vein?
Segmental v.
Left gonadal v.
Suprarenal (inferior phrenic) v.
351
Branches draining into the right testicular (ovarian) vein?
Pampiniform plexus (male)
352
Branches draining into the hepatic veins?
Central v.
| Hepatic portal v.
353
Branches draining into the hepatic portal vein?
```
Superior mesenteric v.
Splenic v.
Left gastric v.
Right gastric v.
Superior pancreaticododenal v.
Para-umbilical v.
Cystic v.
```
354
Branches draining into the superior mesenteric vein?
```
Right gastroepiploic v.
Inferior pancreaticodudodenal v.
Jejunal v.
Ileal v.
Ileocolic v.
Right colic v.
Middle colic v.
```
355
Branches draining into the splenic vein?
Short gastric v.
Left gastroepiploic v.
Pancreatic v.
Inferior mesenteric v.
356
Branches draining into the inferior mesenteric vein?
Left colic v.
Sigmoid v.
Superior rectal v.
357
What is the name of the ridge separating the opening of the two primary bronchi?
Carina of the trachea
358
Divisons of the bronchi?
Right main
Left main
Lobar
Segmental
359
Most superior aspect of the lung?
Apex
360
Lobes of the right lung?
Upper
Middle
Lower
361
Fissures of the right lung?
Oblique
| Horizontal
362
The oblique fissure of the right lung seperates the _________ and __________ lobes.
Lower and Middle
363
The horizontal fissure of the right lung seperates the _________ and __________ lobes.
Middle and Upper
364
Lobes of the left lung?
Upper
| Lower
365
Fissures of the left lung?
Oblique
366
Name of the structure on the left lung analogous to the middle lobe of the right lung?
Lingula
367
Layers of the pleura?
Visceral
| Parietal
368
Regions of the parietal pleura?
Cervical
Costovertebral
Diaphragmatic
Mediastinal
369
Reflections of the parietal pleura?
Costodiaphragmatic
Costomediastinal
Costovertebral
370
Recesses of the pleura?
Costodiaphragmatic
| Costomediastinal
371
The parietal pleura surrounding the root of the lung extends downwards from the hilum in a fold called the ___________.
Pulmonary ligament
372
What are the four chambers of the heart?
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
373
The ___________ represents the junction between the sinus venosus and the heart in the developing embryo.
Crista terminalis
374
The ___________ is a depression in the right atrium of the heart, the remnant of a thin fibrous sheet that covered the foramen ovale during fetal development.
Fossa ovalis
375
Orificies in the right atrium?
Atrioventricular
Coronary sinus
Inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava
376
The __________ are parallel ridges in the walls of the atria of the heart.
Pectinate muscles
377
What is the oval opening between the two upper chambers of the heart (the atria) that is a normal feature of fetal and newborn circulation and is found in the left atrium?
Foramen ovale
378
Orificies in the left atrium?
Atrioventricular
| Pulmonary v.
379
Characteristics of the A-V valves?
Cusps
Chordae tendinae
Papillary muscles
380
The __________ are cord-like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart.
Chordae tendinae
381
The _________ are muscles located in the ventricles of the heart and attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves via the chordae tendineae and contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of these valves.
Papillary muscles
382
The ____________ is a conical pouch formed from the upper and left angle of the right ventricle in the chordate heart, from which the pulmonary trunk arises.
Conus arteriosus
383
Orificies in the right ventricle?
Atrioventricular
| Pulmonary trunk
384
The __________ is the semilunar valve of the heart that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and has three cusps.
Pulmonary valve
385
The _____________, are rounded or irregular muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricles of the heart.
trabeculae carnae
386
The _____________ is a muscular band of heart tissue found in the right ventricle.
Septomarginal trabecula
387
___________ is a semilunar valve between the aorta and the left ventricle of the heart that prevents the blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.
Aortic valve
388
Orificies of the left ventricle?
Aortic
| Atrioventricular
389
________ is the stout wall that separates the lower chambers (the ventricles) of the heart from one another.
Interventricular septum
390
Most inferior aspect of the heart?
Apex of the heart
391
_________ a small conical pouch projecting from the upper anterior portion of each atrium of the heart, increasing slightly the atrial volume.
Auricles
392
_________ is a groove on the outer surface of the heart marking the division between the atria and the ventricles
Coronary sulcus
393
__________ is one of the two sulci (anterior and posterior) that separate the two ventricles of the heart.
Interventricular sulcus
394
Layers of pericardium?
Fibrous
| Serous
395
Pericardial sinuses?
Transverse
| Oblique
396
_________ is a passage within the pericardial sac, between the aorta and pulmonary trunk cranioventrally, and the left atrium and cranial vena cava dorsally.
Transverse pericardial sinus
397
____________ is the recess in the pericardial cavity posterior to the base of the heart bounded laterally by the pericardial reflections on the pulmonary veins and inferior vena cava, and posteriorly by the pericardium overlying the anterior aspect of the esophagus.
Oblique pericardial sinus
398
Structures in the mediastinum?
Esophagus
Thoracic duct
Thymus
399
Divisions of the mediastinum?
Superior
Anterior
Middle
Posterior
400
_____________ is the folds of peritoneum connecting the posterior surface of the liver and the diaphragm
Coronary ligament
401
Details of the falciform ligament?
Surrounds ligamentum teres & paraumbilical v.
402
Details of the gastrophrenic ligament?
From abdominal esophagus to diaphragm
403
Details of the gastroplenic ligament?
Surrounds short gastric vessels
404
Ligament connecting the liver the diaphragm?
Hepatic triangular ligament
405
Divisions of the lesser omentum?
Hepatoduodenal
Hepatogastric
Epiploic foramen
406
Details of hepatoduodenal ligament?
Surrounds hepatic a., bile duct & portal v.
407
Details of hepatogastric ligament?
Surrounds left gastric vessels
408
Details of the epiploic foramen ligament?
Communication between greater and lesser sacs
409
Details of the hepatorenal ligament?
Reflection of the coronary ligament onto the right kidney
410
Details of the lienorenal ligament?
Surrounds splenic vessels
411
Details of the phrenicocolic ligament?
From splenic flexure of colon to diaphragm
412
Details of the tres ligament?
Fetal umbilical vein
413
Folds of the peritoneum?
Median umbilical
Medial umbilical
Lateral umbilical
414
Details of the median umbilical fold?
Surrounds urachus
415
Details of the medial umbilical fold?
Surrounds umbilical arteries
416
Details of the lateral umbilical fold?
Surround inferior epigastric vessels
417
Pouches of the peritoneum?
Retrouterine
| Retrovesical
418
Mesenteries of the peritoneum?
Mesentery proper
Sigmoid mesocolon
Transverse mesocolon
419
Details of the mesentery proper?
Surrounds branches of the superior mesenteric vessels
420
Details of the sigmoid mesocolon?
Surrounds branches of the inferior mesenteric vessels
421
Details of the transverse mesocolon?
Surrounds branches of the middle colic vessels
422
The ___________ is a large apron-like fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach.
Greater omentum
423
__________ is the portion of the stomach that lies above the cardiac notch.
Fundus
424
__________ is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus and the pyloric antrum.
Body
425
__________ is the boundary of the stomach that forms a long usually convex curve on the left from the opening for the esophagus to the opening into the duodenum.
Greater curvature
426
__________ is the boundary of the stomach that in humans forms a relatively short concave curve on the right from the opening for the esophagus to the opening into the duodenum.
Lesser curvature
427
___________ is the opening from the esophagus into the stomach.
Cardiac orifice
428
__________ is the opening between the stomach and duodenum.
Pyloric orifice
429
_________ is the sphincter muscle that separates the stomach from the duodenum
Pyloric sphincter
430
Small intestine sections?
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
431
Divisions of the duodenum?
Free
Descending
Horizontal
Ascending
432
__________ is the point of opening of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct into the duodenum; it is located posteriorly in the descending part of the duodenum.
Major duodenal papillae
433
____________ is a slight elevation marking the opening of the accessory pancreatic duct into the duodenum
Minor duodenal papillae
434
___________ is an abrupt bend in the small intestine at the junction of the duodenum and jejunum.
Duodenojejunal flexure
435
__________ are the three bands in which the longitudinal muscular fibers of the large intestine, except the rectum, are collected.
Tenia coli
436
The ____________ of the colon are the small pouches caused by sacculation, which give the colon its segmented appearance.
Haustra
437
The ___________ are small pouches of the peritoneum filled with fat and situated along the colon. NOT in the rectum.
Appendices epiploicae
438
___________ is the point along the course of the gastrointestinal tract where the small intestine (ileum) ends as it opens into the cecal portion of the large intestine.
Ileocecal junction
439
____________ is a narrow vestigial process projecting from the cecum in the lower right-hand part of the abdomen.
Veriform appendix
440
Parts of the large intestine?
```
Cecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Anus
```
441
__________ is the bend of the colon at the juncture of its ascending and transverse portions.
Right colic flexure
442
__________ is the bend at the junction of the transverse and descending colon.
Left colic flexure
443
__________ is the dilated portion of the rectum just proximal to the anal canal.
Ampulla
444
Features of the anus?
Columns
Valves
Sinuses
445
Parts of the pancreas?
```
Head
Neck
Body
Tail
Uncinate process
```
446
__________ is a portion of the head of the pancreas that hooks around posterior to the superior mesenteric vessels.
Uncinate process
447
________ is a duct leading from the pancreas and opening into the duodenum.
Pancreatic duct
448
Lobes of the liver?
Right
Left
Caudate
Quadrate
449
__________ is a groove on the posterior surface of the liver between the caudate lobe and the right lobe that gives passage to the inferior vena cava.
Caval groove
450
___________ is a deep cleft extending from the porta hepatis to the inferior vena cava between the left lobe and the caudate lobe.
Fissure for ligamentum venosum
451
_________ is a cleft on the inferior surface of the liver, running from the inferior border to the left extremity of the porta hepatis.
Fissure for ligamentum teres
452
The __________ is a short but deep fissure, about 5 cm long, extending transversely across the under surface of the left portion of the right lobe of the liver, nearer its posterior surface than its anterior border.
Porta hepatis
453
A _________ is a distinctive arrangement in the liver. It is a component of the hepatic lobule. It consists of the following five structures: proper hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, common bile duct, lymphatic vessels, branch of the vagus nerve
Portal triads
454
Divisons of the gall bladder?
Fundus
Body
Neck
455
Ducts of the gallbladder?
Common
Cystic
Hepatic
456
Surface features of the kidney?
```
Superior pole
Inferior pole
Hilum
Capsule
Sinus
```
457
______________ is a fissure that transmits the vessels, nerves, and ureter. From anterior to posterior, the renal vein exits, the renal artery enters, and the renal pelvis exits the kidney.
Renal hilum
458
The __________ is a tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney and covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue.
Renal capsule
459
_______ is the main cavity of the kidney that is an expansion behind the hilum and contains the renal pelvis, calyxes, and the major renal vessels.
Renal sinus
460
Internal features of the kidney?
Cortex
Medulla
Pelvis
461
The __________ is the outer portion of the kidney between the renal capsule and the renal medulla.
Renal cortex
462
The _________ is a medullary extension of the renal cortex in between the renal pyramids.
Renal column
463
The __________ is the innermost part of the kidney.
Medulla
464
The ________ is any one of several conical masses of tissue that form the kidney medulla.
Pyramids
465
The __________ is the location where the medullary pyramids empty urine into the minor calyx in the kidney.
Papillae
466
The __________ is the funnel-like dilated proximal part of the ureter in the kidney.
Renal pelvis
467
Two or three minor calyces converge to form a ________.
Major calyx
468
The _________ surround the apex of the renal pyramids.
Minor calyces
469
Retroperitoneal features of the kidney?
Perirenal fat
Pararenal fat
Renal fascia
470
Surfaces features of the urinary bladder?
Apex
Fundus
Neck
Urachus
471
The ____________ is a fibrous remnant of the allantois, a canal that drains the urinary bladder of the fetus that joins and runs within the umbilical cord.
Urachus
472
Internal features of the urinary bladder?
Ureathral orifice
Ureteric orifice
Trigone
473
The _________ is the opening from the urinary bladder into the urethra at one corner of the trigone of the bladder.
Ureathral orifice
474
__________ are paired orifices in the neck of the bladder.
Ureteric orifice
475
_________ is a triangular region or tissue, particularly the area at the base of the urinary bladder, between the openings of the ureters and urethra.
Trigone
476
Segments of the male urethra?
Prostatic segment
Membranous segment
Spongy segement
477
Features of the prostatic segment of the male urethra?
Prostatic sinus
| Colliculus semilunaris
478
Features of the membranous segment of the male urethra?
Bulbourethral glands
479
Most proximally, the ___________ is responsible for involuntary continence, transmission of semen into the common genitourinary tract.
Prostatic segment
480
The ____________ is critical to voluntary continence.
Membranous segment
481
The __________ is surrounded by the corpus spongiosum and forms the terminal conduit communicating with the outside of the body.
Spongy segment
482
On either side of the urethral crest is a slightly depressed fossa, the ____________, the floor of which is perforated by numerous apertures, the orifices of the prostatic ducts from the lateral lobes of the prostate.
Prostatic sinus
483
The _________, of the prostatic urethra is a landmark near the entrance of the seminal vesicles.
Colliculus semilunaris
484
_____________ is a pea-sized gland in the male located behind and to the side of the urethra that discharges a component of seminal fluid into the urethra.
Bulbourethral gland
485
Components of the male reproductive system?
```
Scrotum
Testis
Epididymis
Spermatic cord
Ductus deferens
Seminal vesicle
Prostate
Penis
```
486
Parts of the scrotum?
Raphe
Septum
Dartos
487
____________ is the central cordlike line running over the scrotum from the anus to the root of the penis, marking the position of the scrotal septum.
Raphe
488
____________ is an incomplete wall of connective tissue and nonstriated muscle dividing the scrotum into two sacs, each containing a testis.
Septum
489
The ___________ is a fat-free layer of smooth muscular fiber outside the external spermatic fascia but below the skin.
Dartos muscles
490
Parts of the testis?
Tunica albuginea
Tunica vaginalis
Efferent ductules
491
__________ is a white fibrous capsule especially of the testis.
Tunica albuginea
492
_____________ is a pouch of serous membrane covering the testis and derived from the peritoneum.
Tunica vaginalis
493
The ____________ connect the rete testis with the initial section of the epididymis.
Efferent ductules
494
Parts of the epididymis?
Head
Body
Tail
495
The __________ is a muscular tube that begins at the lower end of the epididymis and passes upward along the side of the testis to become part of the spermatic cord.
Ductus deferens
496
The ___________ of ductus deferens is an enlargement of the ductus deferens at the fundus of the bladder.
Ampulla
497
_____________ is a pair of glands that open into the vas deferens near its junction with the urethra and secrete many of the components of semen.
Seminal vesicle
498
Parts of the penis?
Root
Body
Fascia
499
For their anterior three-fourths the corpora cavernosa penis lie in intimate apposition with one another, but behind they diverge in the form of two tapering processes, known as the ______________, which are firmly connected to the ischial rami.
Crura
500
Just before each crus of the penis meets its fellow it presents a slight enlargement, named the ___________ of the penis.
Bulb
501
Parts of the root of the penis?
Crura
| Bulb
502
Parts of the body of the penis?
Corpus spongiosum
Glans
Corpora cavernosum
503
_________ is the median longitudinal column of erectile tissue of the penis that contains the urethra and is ventral to the two corpora cavernosa
Corpus spongiosum
504
____________ is The conical expansion of the corpus spongiosum that forms the head of the penis.
Glans
505
__________ is a mass of erectile tissue with large interspaces capable of being distended with blood
Corpora cavernosum
506
____________ is a band of elastic fibers of the superficial fascial layer that extends from the linea alba above the pubic symphysis then splitting to surround the penis before attaching to the fascia of the penis.
Fundiform ligament
507
The __________ of the penis is attached to the pubic symphysis, which holds the penis close to the pubic bone and supports it when erect.
Suspensory ligament
508
__________ is the whitish membrane within the penis that surrounds the spongy chambers (corpora cavernosa).
Tunica albuginea
509
Parts of the female reproductive system?
```
Ovary
Uterine tubes
Uterus
External genitalia
Breast
```
510
Ligaments of the ovary?
Ovarian
| Suspensory
511
The ______________ is a fibrous ligament that connects the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus.
Ovarian ligament
512
The _______________, is a fold of peritoneum that extends out from the ovary to the wall of the pelvis.
Suspensory ligament
513
Peritoneal folds of the ovary?
Mesovarium
Mesosalpinx
Mesometrium
514
Details of the mesovarium?
Surrounds ovarian & suspensory ligaments & ovarian vessels
515
Details of the mesosalpinx?
Surrounds uterine tubes
516
Details of mesometrium?
Surrounds uterine vessels
517
Parts of the uterine tubes?
Fimbria
Ampulla
Infundibulum
Isthmus
518
__________ is a fingerlike projection at the end of the fallopian tube near the ovary.
Fimbria
519
The ____________ is the second portion of the fallopian tube.
Ovarian ampulla
520
The third part of the uterine tube is the ____________.
Infundibulum
521
The visible medial third of the uterine tube is the __________ of uterine tube.
Isthmus
522
Parts of the uterus?
Fundus
Corpus
Cervix
523
The ____________ of the uterus is the top portion, opposite from the cervix.
Fundus
524
The ___________ is the lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina.
Cervix
525
External genitalia of the female?
```
Mons pubis
Labia majora
Labia minora
Clitoris
Vagina
```
526
___________ is the rounded mass of fatty tissue lying over the joint of the pubic bones, in women typically more prominent.
Mons pubis
527
____________ are the larger outer folds of the vulva.
Labia majora
528
Parts of the labia majora?
Anterior commissure
Posterior commissure
Pudendal cleft
529
The ____________ of the labia majora is the front joining of the labia majora.
Anterior commissure
530
The ___________ of the labia majora is the rear joining of the labia majora.
Posterior commissure
531
The___________ is a part of the vulva, the furrow at the base of the mons pubis where it divides to form the labia majora.
Pudendal cleft
532
Parts of the labia minora?
Frenulum
| Prepuce
533
The __________ of labia minora is a frenulum where the labia minora meet posteriorly.
Frenulum
534
A _________, the clitoral hood, normally covers and protects the clitoris.
Prepuce
535
Parts of the clitoris?
Corpus
Glans
Crus
536
_______________ is the two parallel columns of erectile tissue forming the body of the clitoris
Corpus
537
_________ is the small mass of erectile tissue at the tip of the clitoris.
Glans
538
______________ is the continuation of the clitoris on each side of the corpus cavernosum, diverging from the body posteriorly and attached to the pubic arch.
Crus
539
Parts of the vagina?
Bulb of the vestibule
Fornices
Orifice
Greater vestibular glands
540
__________ is a body consisting of paired masses of erectile tissue, one on either side of the vaginal opening.
Bulb of the vestibule
541
The ___________ of the vagina are the deepest portions of the vagina, extending into the recesses created by the vaginal portion of cervix.
Fornices
542
__________ are a pair of glands between the vulva and the vagina that produce lubrication in response to stimulation.
Greater vestibular glands
543
Parts of the breast?
Nipple
Areola
Lactiferous ducts
Suspensory ligaments
544
____________ form a tree branched system connecting the lobules of the mammary gland to the tip of the nipple.
Lactiferous ducts
545
______________ are connective tissue in the breast that help maintain structural integrity.
Suspensory ligaments
