Practice Questions

Question 1

The _________ is a remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosus, an arterial shunt between the pulmonary trunk and aortic arch.

Answer 1

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 2

The ligamentum arteriosum is a remnant of the fetal _________, an arterial shunt between the pulmonary trunk and aortic arch.

Answer 2

ductus arteriosus

Question 3

The middle cardiac vein drains into the coronary sinus, whereas the __________ and the venae cordis minimae drain into the right atrium.

Answer 3

anterior cardiac veins

Question 4

The paranchyma (glandular tissue) of the mammary gland is located within the __________ (layer) of the anterior chest wall overlying the serratus anterior and pectoralis major muscles.

Answer 4

superficial fascia

Question 5

The paranchyma (glandular tissue) of the mammary gland is located within the superficial (layer) of the anterior chest wall overlying the serratus anterior and ___________ muscles.

Answer 5

pectoralis major

Question 6

The parietal and visceral layers of the pleura are continuous at the _________ of the lung.

Answer 6

root

Question 7

At the level of the hilus of the left lung, the descending aorta is positioned __________ to the primary bronchus.

Answer 7

posterior

Question 8

The left, ________ and caudate lobes of the liver typically receive their primary arterial blood supply from branches of the left hepatic artery.

Answer 8

quadrate

Question 9

The left, quadrate and ________ lobes of the liver typically receive their primary arterial blood supply from branches of the left hepatic artery.

Answer 9

caudate

Question 10

The ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the __________ and seminal vesicle, and drains directly into the prostatic urethra (sinus).

Answer 10

vas deferens

Question 11

The ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the vas deferens and _________, and drains directly into the prostatic urethra (sinus).

Answer 11

seminal vescile

Question 12

The superior epigastric artery is one of the terminal branches of the __________ artery.

Answer 12

internal thoracic

Question 13

The ___________ lymph nodes are located directly inferior to the carina.

Answer 13

inferior trachiobronchial

Question 14

The left superior intercostal vein is typically a direct tributary of the ___________.

Answer 14

left brachiocephalic vein

Question 15

With hemiparalysis of the diaphragm, the involved side __________ during deep inspiration.

Answer 15

ascends

Question 16

During an abdominal examination, the __________ of the liver is more readily palpated during deep inspiration.

Answer 16

inferior margin

Question 17

The ___________ artery, common bile duct and hepatic portal vein are all suspended within the hepatoduodenal ligament.

Answer 17

proper hepatic

Question 18

The _________ (thoracic space) extends from the thoracic inlet to a plane extending from the inferior border of vertebra T4 to the sternal angle.

Answer 18

superior mediastinum

Question 19

The __________ typically extends into the anterior mediastinum in infants.

Answer 19

thymus

Question 20

The _________ begins at the cisterna chyli and empties into the venous system at the junction of the left subclavian and internal jugular veins.

Answer 20

thoracic duct

Question 21

The ________ duct traverses the diaphragm by passing through the aortic hiatus.

Answer 21

thoracic

Question 22

The __________ vein is formed by the union of the right ascending lumbar, right lumbar azygos and right subcostal veins.

Answer 22

azygos

Question 23

The uterus typically receives its blood supply from branches of the __________ (female inferior vesicle), ovarian and uterine arteries.

Answer 23

vaginal

Question 24

In its course through the thorax, the _________ is typically constricted anteriorly by the arch of the aorta and the left main bronchus.

Answer 24

esophagus

Question 25

The cardiac plexus, positioned between the bifurcation of the trachea and the arch of the aorta, receives axons from the cardiac and the _________ nerves.

Answer 25

vagus

Question 26

The posterior interventricular artery is typically a direct branch of the ____________.

Answer 26

right coronary artery

Question 27

The __________ nerve typically traverses the diaphragm by piercing or passing through the crus.

Answer 27

greater splanchnic

Question 28

In the coronary sulcus, the _________ vein is positioned adjacent to the right coronary artery.

Answer 28

small cardiac vein

Question 29

The __________ are irregular columns of muscle in the wall of the right ventricle.

Answer 29

trabeculae carnae

Question 30

Indirect inguinal hernias are positioned ________ to the inferior epigastric artery.

Answer 30

lateral

Question 31

The _________ connect the rete testis with the head of the epididymis.

Answer 31

efferent ductules

Question 32

At the superficial ring the floor of the inguinal canal is formed by the _________.

Answer 32

lacunar ligament

Question 33

The cremaster muscle is innervated by a branch of the _________ nerve.

Answer 33

genitofemoral

Question 34

The lower portion of the esophagus typically receives its blood supply from branches of the _________ artery.

Answer 34

left gastric

Question 35

The body of the pancreas is positioned ____________ to the lesser sac of the peritoneal cavity.

Answer 35

posterior

Question 36

An important portal-systemic (caval) shunt occurs at the distal end of the rectum where tributaries of the superior rectal vein anastomosis with tributaries of the __________ vein.

Answer 36

middle (and inferior) rectal

Question 37

A hepatic triad includes a branch of the hepatic artery, bile duct and ___________.

Answer 37

hepatic portal vein

Question 38

In fetal life, the ductus venosus shunts placental blood from the umbilical vein to the _____________.

Answer 38

inferior vena cava

Question 39

The ventral mesentery includes the falciform, hepatogastric and __________ ligaments.

Answer 39

hepatoduodenal

Question 40

The left kidney is typically positioned adjacent to the diaphragm, psoas major, __________ and quadratus lumborum muscles.

Answer 40

transversus abdominis

Question 41

The tail of the ___________ is positioned between the layers of the lienorenal ligament (a peritoneal fold).

Answer 41

pancreas

Question 42

The omental foramen is positioned directly posterior to the __________ vein.

Answer 42

hepatic portal

Question 43

The lateral umbilical ligament is a peritoneal fold surrounding the __________.

Answer 43

inferior epigastric artery

Question 44

The splenic artery is positioned in part between the layers of the __________ ligament.

Answer 44

lienorenal

Question 45

The gastroduodenal artery passes __________ to the duodenum prior to branching into the right gastroepiploic and superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries.

Answer 45

posterior

Question 46

The peripheral aspect of the __________ overlying the superior surface of the diaphragm receives its sensory innervation from the intercostal nerves.

Answer 46

pleura

Question 47

The glans of the penis receives its sensory innervation from the dorsal nerve of the penis, one of the terminal branches of the __________ nerve.

Answer 47

pudendal

Question 48

The ___________ segments of the duodenum are all retroperitoneal structures.

Answer 48

2nd-4th

Question 49

The inferior vena cava is positioned ___________ to the duodenum.

Answer 49

posterior

Question 50

The convex surface of the spleen is in contact with the peritoneum covering the inferior surface of the ___________.

Answer 50

diaphragm

Question 51

The sigmoid arteries are typically branches of the ___________.

Answer 51

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 52

The bulbospongiosus muscle and the ___________ sphinchter both attach in part to the perineal body.

Answer 52

external anal

Question 53

The lymphatics of the posterior abdominal wall typically drain directly into the __________ lymph nodes.

Answer 53

retroaortic

Question 54

The tips of the renal papillae drain urine into the ___________ of the kidneys.

Answer 54

minor calyces

Question 55

The left testicular vein is typically a direct branch of the ________.

Answer 55

left renal vein

Question 56

The left ureter typically passes directly ___________ (position) to the common iliac vein.

Answer 56

anterior

Question 57

The __________ forms the inferior border of the deep space or urogenital diaphragm.

Answer 57

perineal membrane

Question 58

The left inferior suprarenal artery is typically a direct branch of the _________.

Answer 58

left renal artery

Question 59

The crura of the penis are attached to the __________ of the bony pelvis.

Answer 59

ischiopubic ramus

Question 60

The lymphatics of the testes drain directly into the _________ nodes.

Answer 60

lateral aortic

Question 61

The external anal sphinchter is innervated in part by the __________ nerve, a branch of the pudendal nerve.

Answer 61

inferior rectal

Question 62

The _________, cremasteric and deferent arteries are all located in part within the spermatic cord.

Answer 62

testicular

Question 63

The anterior recess of the __________ is positioned between the urogenital and pelvic diaphragms.

Answer 63

ischiorectal fossa

Question 64

The rectouterine pouch is positioned directly _________ to the posterior fornix of the vagina.

Answer 64

posterior

Question 65

Adjacent to the cervix, the uterine artery typically anastomoses with branches of the ___________ artery.

Answer 65

vaginal

Question 66

The _________ fascia is continuous with the fascia of the external oblique muscle.

Answer 66

external spermatic

Question 67

The ___________ orifice and the orifices of the ureters are positioned at the angles of the trigone of the bladder.

Answer 67

internal urethral

Question 68

In the female, the superficial transverse perineus muscle extends from the ischial tuberosity to the ___________.

Answer 68

perineal body (central tendon)

Question 69

During an episiotomy it may be necessary to block multiple nerves because the female perineum receives its sensory innervation from branches of the genitofemoral, ilioinguinal, ________ and posterior femoral cutaneous nerves.

Answer 69

pudendal

Question 70

The levator ani muscle attaches in part to the tendinous arch, a thickening of the fascia of the ____________ muscle.

Answer 70

obturator internus

Question 71

The sphincter urethrae and ___________ muscles are both positioned in the deep perineal space.

Answer 71

deep transverse perineus

Question 72

Which of the following changes occurs at birth? A. blood pressure in the right atrium becomes significantly higher than in the left atrium B. Ductus venosus shunts blood from the aorta into the pulmonary trunk C. Resistance to blood flow into the pulmonary arteries is significantly reduced D. Right ventricle pumps blood exclusively into the systemic circulation E. Significant amount of blood regurgitates from the ventricles into atria

Answer 72

C

Question 73

Pericardioperitoneal canals: A. allow communication between abdominal and thoracic cavities B. allow lengthening and looping of the endocardial tubes C. are located dorsal to the cardiogenic area before embryonic folding D. are the openings into the omental bursa E. provide space for the neural tube development

Answer 73

A

Question 74

``` Central tendon of the diaphragm derives from the: A. dorsal mesentery. B. pleuroperitoneal membrane. C. proximal midgut. D. septum transversum. E. ventral pancreatic bud. ```

Answer 74

D

Question 75

Fusion of the right and left endocardial tubes form: A. the primitive heart tube. B. the dorsal aorta. C. during the 2nd week. D. caudal to septum transversum in 3rd week. E. in the septum transversum.

Answer 75

A

Question 76

``` At which stage of lung maturation do Pneumocytes first appear? A. Alveolar B. Canalicular C. Pneumocytes develop postnatally D. Pseudoglandular E. Terminal Sac ```

Answer 76

E

Question 77

In a patient lying supine, ascites (peritoneal fluid) is most often found in the omental bursa due to gravity and fluid moving into this space through the: A. ampulla of Vater. B. cystic duct. C. foramen of Winslow (epiploic foramen). D. lesser peritoneal sac. E. lienorenal ligament.

Answer 77

C

Question 78

``` Which of the following first returns to the body from the physiological herniation? A. Cecum B. Cloaca C. Bile duct D. Jejunum E. Pancreas ```

Answer 78

D

Question 79

Which of the following is true for transformation of the foregut? A. Dorsal mesogastrium drapes over the transverse colon B. Omental bursa forms from elongation of the ventral mesogastrium C. Pancreas rotates to the right side of the duodenum D. Splanchnic lateral mesoderm gives rise to the myenteric plexus E. Stomach rotates to the right and cephalic direction

Answer 79

A

Question 80

Which of the following is true for the midgut? A. Appendix arises from it B. Attached to the dorsal body wall by greater omentum C. It loops out into the umbilical cord and rotates to the left D. Main blood supply is from branches of the celiac trunk E. None of the above

Answer 80

A

Question 81

Which of the following is true? A. Accessory pancreatic duct is found in the uncinate process B. Duodenum is derived from the septum transversum C. Gall bladder is derived from the midgut diverticulum D. Liver develops in the dorsal mesentery E. Ventral pancreatic bud is supplied by branches of the celiac trunk

Answer 81

E

Question 82

``` At 5th week of embryonic development, which of the following is functional? A. Pronephros B. Mesonephros C. Metanephros D. Prostate gland E. Allantois ```

Answer 82

B

Question 83

``` Which of the following gives rise to the seminal vesicles? A. Endoderm of the urogenital sinus B. Genital tubercle C. Allantois D. Mesonephric duct E. Labioscrotal folds ```

Answer 83

D

Question 84

``` In the 5th week of development, mesonephric ducts fail to form on both sides of an embryo. Which of the following conditions would you expect to see in the new born? A. Accessory renal arteries B. Bilateral renal agenesis C. Pelvic kidney D. Polycystic kidney disease E. Ambiguous genitalia ```

Answer 84

B

Question 85

``` Labia minora are: A. derived from the urogenital folds. B. homologous to the male scrotum. C. derived from fusion of the caudal paramesonephric ducts. D. homologous to glans penis. E. the remnants of mesonephric ducts. ```

Answer 85

A

Question 86

A genetically male embryo has a mutation that renders paramesonephric ducts insensitive to AMH/MIF, which of the following is the likely phenotype of this embryo at the third trimester? A. Develop female external genitalia B. Male genital ducts do not develop C. More susceptible to developing Wilm’s tumor D. Ovaries instead of testes E. Uterus develops

Answer 86

E