B1/2 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Name the 8 parts of a plant cell.
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Nucleus
The role of the nucleus?
Controls the activity of the cell
Role of the mitochondria?
Respiration occurs here releasing energy
Role of the chloroplast?
Light energy is absorbed and changed into food here
Role of ribosomes?
Proteins are made (synthesised) here
Role of the cell wall?
Support the cell and keep its shape.
Role of the vacuole?
Full of cell sap (storage of materials) and maintains shape.
Role of the cell membrane?
Controls the movement of substances in and out.
Role of the cytoplasm?
These are where many reactions take place.
Name 5 common parts of animal and plant cells.
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
What are prokaryotes?
Bacterial cells
What are eukaryotes?
Animal cells
Does active transport require energy? a membrane? An example? Concentration gradient?
Yes.
No but requires carrier proteins.
Ions and root hair cells.
Substances move against the concentration gradient.
Does osmosis require energy? A membrane? An example? Concentration gradient?
No.
Partially permeable membrane.
Plants drawing up water from the roots.
Water moves down a concentration gradient.
Does diffusion require energy? A membrane? An example? Concentration gradient?
No.
No.
CO2 diffuses into a leaf through the stomata.
Substance moves down the concentration gradient.
3 differences between asexual and sexual reproduction?
Asexual requires only one parent, more time and energy efficient, identical offspring.
Sexual produces variation, when environment changes: natural selection occurs, can be speeded up by humans through selective breeding.
What are gametes?
Also known as sex cells. They are an organism’s reproductive cells.
What are female and male gametes called?
Female: egg cells
Male: sperm
Definition of chromosomes?
The structure made of DNA that codes for all the characteristics of an organism.
What are mitosis and meiosis types of?
Cell division.
What are the 4 steps of mitosis?
- Parent cell. Chromosomes make identical copies of themselves.
- They line up along the centre.
- The chromosomes separate into 2 cells.
- 2 daughter cells form with identical chromosomes to the parent cell.
What is differentiation?
The changes seen in cells as they mature to form specialised cells.
What are stem cells?
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can produce many more cells of the same type.
