B1 Book Work Flashcards
(55 cards)
Give two features of prokaryotes.
- Simple and unicellular
- Plasmid DNA in cytoplasm
Give two features of eukaryotes.
- DNA enclosed in a nucleus
- Membrane bound organelles
Give three similarities of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
- Both have DNA
- Both have ribosomes
- Both have cell membranes
What is the conversion of 1mm into micrometres?
1000 micrometres
What’s the definition of the nucleus?
contains DNA and controls the cell
What’s the definition of the cell membrane?
contains what comes in and out of cell
What’s the definition of the cytoplasm?
has chemical reactions
What’s the definition of the ribosomes?
makes protein
What’s the definition of the mitochondria?
where respiration happens for energy
What’s the definition of the cell wall?
supports cell
What’s the definition of the vacuole?
contains sap
What’s the definition of the chloroplasts?
photosynthesis occurs here
Cells that move a lot contain more of what organelle?
mitochondria
Why don’t onion cells contain chloroplasts?
They grow underground so don’t experience sunlight
What is the definition of differentiation?
cells become different shapes and sizes to carry out a special job
What is the definition of a stem cell?
an unspecialized cell that can differentiate into all different types of cells
What does the sperm cell do, where’s it found, and how is it specialised?
What it does- Fertilises female egg
Where found- Found in the testes
Specialised-Flagellum to swim, mitochondria for extra energy
What does the nerve cell do, where’s it found, and how is it specialised?
What it does- Send/receive electrical messages
Where found- In brain and across body
Specialised- Long, thin, myelin sheath to insulate signal
What does the muscle cell do, where’s it found, and how is it specialised?
What it does- Contracts/relaxes, control body’s movements
Where found- In muscles
Specialised- Mitochondria for more energy, long/flexible
What does the palisade cell do, where’s it found, and how is it specialised?
What it does- Carry out photosynthesis
Where found- Found in plants and in upper part
Specialised- Lots of chloroplasts, tall/thin to fit
What does the root hair cell do, where’s it found, and how is it specialised?
What it does- Absorb water and nutrients
Where found- On roots
Specialised- Big surface area, large vacuole to store water
What does the phloem cell do, where’s it found, and how is it specialised?
What it does- Transport sugars up/down stem
Where found- Found in plants
Specialised- Has perforations for two way flow
What does the egg cell do, where’s it found, and how is it specialised?
What it does- Develops into a foetus
Where found- Found in ovary
Specialised- Large, extra nutrients for embryo
What does the red blood cell do, where’s it found, and how is it specialised?
What it does- Collects oxygen from lungs for respiration
Where found- Found in circulatory system
Specialised- Haemoglobin to stick oxygen, biconcave shape
