B2 Biology Top 40

Question 1

What is a tissue?

Answer 1

A group of the same cells that work together to carry out a function

Question 2

What is the function of the glandular tissue?

Answer 2

Granular tissues make and secrete chemicals to produce hormones and enzymes

Question 3

To which part of the enzyme does the substrate bind?

Answer 3

Active site

Question 4

How does temperature affect an enzyme reaction?

Answer 4

The enzyme works best at 40°C but any temperature higher the enzyme denatures and can’t be used anymore

Question 5

What happens to enzymes at high temperatures or changes in pH?

Answer 5

They denature

Question 6

Which enzyme breaks down starch and what is produced?

Answer 6

Amylase, glucose

Question 7

What enzyme breaks down protein and what is produced?

Answer 7

Protease, amino acids

Question 8

What enzyme breaks down lipids and what is produced?

Answer 8

Lipase, fatty acids and glycerol

Question 9

What are two organs in the body which produce amylase, proteins and lipase?

Answer 9

Small intestine and pancreas

Question 10

Name another organ which produces amylase

Answer 10

Salivary glands

Question 11

Name another organ which produces protease

Answer 11

The stomach

Question 12

What does the stomach produce to maintain acidic conditions?

Answer 12

Hydrochloric acid

Question 13

What are two roles of bile?

Answer 13

Neutralises hydrochloric acid and emulsifies fat to create larger Surface area

Question 14

Give the reagent and colour changes for the starch test

Answer 14

Iodine solution, brown to black

Question 15

Give the reagent and colour changes for the sugar test

Answer 15

Benedict solution, blue to red (heat above 75°C)

Question 16

Give the reagent and colour changes for the protein test

Answer 16

Biurett, blue to purple

Question 17

Give the reagent and colour changes for the fat test

Answer 17

Ethanol, clear to cloudy

Question 18

Give three adaptations of the alveoli

Answer 18

Small for short diffusion pathway, lots of them for large surface area, good blood supply for concentration gradient

Question 19

Why is the left ventricle wall thicker?

Answer 19

It needs to pump blood around the whole body

Question 20

Where are the cells that act as a pacemaker for the human heart located?

Answer 20

Right atrium

Question 21

What are the upper chambers of the heart called?

Answer 21

Atria

Question 22

Give two features of arteries

Answer 22

Carry blood to body from the heart, elastic tissue to stretch

Question 23

Give two features of veins

Answer 23

Valves to prevent backflow, take blood to the heart

Question 24

Give two features of capillaries

Answer 24

Narrow, one cell Thick

Question 25

Name the four components of blood and their role

Answer 25

Red blood cell- carry oxygen, white blood cell- fight infection, platelets- clot blood, plasma- carries CO2, H2O etc

Question 26

What do statins do and give an advantage and disadvantage?

Answer 26

Increase cholesterol level to maintain a healthy amount of cholesterol. Advantage- Avoid surgery, disadvantage- side-effects

Question 27

What do stents do and give an advantage and disadvantage?

Answer 27

Open up arteries to let blood flow through. advantage- lower heart attack risk, disadvantage- drugs must always be taken

Question 28

Define health

Answer 28

State of physical and mental well-being

Question 29

What is the difference between a communicable and non-communicable disease and give an example of each?

Answer 29

Communicable- infectious, spreads between people e.g measles, tuberculosis Noncommunicable- doesn’t spread, not infectious e.g cancer, diabetes

Question 30

Give three risk factors and name a disease they are associated with

Answer 30

Alcohol- liver disease and brain damage, smoking- lung cancer, obesity- diabetes

Question 31

What is cancer?

Answer 31

The growth of uncontrolled cells

Question 32

What is the difference between a benign tumour and a malignant one?

Answer 32

Benign- doesn’t spread, slow reaction Malignant- spreads around body, fast reaction

Question 33

Give the role of the palisade layer into adaptions of it

Answer 33

For photosynthesis with lots of chloroplasts and is tightly packed

Question 34

What is the role of Meristem tissues in plants and where is it found?

Answer 34

Creates plant stem cells, found in roots and shoots

Question 35

What is the xylem and give an adaptation of xylem tissue in plants?

Answer 35

Carry water from roots to leaves and is made of dead cells with the ends broken off to allow water to flow through

Question 36

What is the phloem and give an adaptation of phloem tissues in plants?

Answer 36

Carry glucose from leaves around the plant and have sieve plates to allow sugars to be transported throughout the plant

Question 37

What is transpiration?

Answer 37

The loss of water in a plant by evaporation

Question 38

Give four factors which affect transpiration

Answer 38

Light intensity, winds, humidity, airflow

Question 39

Which instrument can be used to measure the rate of transpiration

Answer 39

Potometer

Question 40

What is the function of guard cells?

Answer 40

Open and close stomata to let gases in